Effect of Nd3+ and Ag+ doped on synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of Sr1−xNdxAgyFe12−yO19 nano hexaferrite

Abstract

The sol–gel auto-combustion process synthesised Sr_1−xNd_xAg_yFe_12−yO₁₉ hexaferrite materials, where x = y = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1. Citric acid was used as the fuel. The prepared samples were analyzed to study their structural and magnetic properties after doping with Neodymium (Nd³⁺) and Silver (Ag⁺) elements. Various analytical studies were used, including X-ray diffraction, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The crystallite size ranged from 31.74 to 38.77 nm, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a single-phase hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the plate-like morphology of the particles. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra at room temperature were used to determine the octahedral and tetrahedral sites’ thermodynamic parameters and bond structures. Magnetic characteristics, squareness ratio (0.47–0.48), coercivity (4935.66–7080.46 Oe), and saturation magnetization (64.01–31.13 emu/g) were examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicate that the synthesized samples exhibit exceptional magnetic properties, making them suitable for permanent magnets and magnetic recording media applications.