{"title":"Unified tri-linear theoretical model for masonry infilled RC frames subjected to out-of-plane lateral loads","authors":"Xinyao Xie , Zi-Xiong Guo , Syed Humayun Basha","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120039","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The out-of-plane (OOP) behavior of infill walls has received minimal attention in the past due to the lack of reliable analytical solutions. To solve this issue, the research article proposed a simplified tri-linear theoretical model to comprehend the OOP behavior of masonry infills considering different performance levels (cracking, peak, and ultimate). This study was mainly categorized into four main parts. Firstly, it involved determining the OOP deflection field and arching mechanism of masonry infills through the advanced digital image correlation technique to form a solid foundation for theoretical investigations. Secondly, the principle of mechanics was employed to derive the OOP cracking load and the corresponding deflection. Thirdly, the OOP peak load capacity was calculated by applying the principle of minimum potential energy and considering material constitutive laws. Finally, geometrical calculations were utilized to determine the peak and ultimate deflections, making it a comprehensive and rigorous study. Upon analyzing the DIC deflection field, it was observed that the RC frame surrounding the infills effectively constrained their deflections along the boundary edges. This indicated that the assumption of hinge supports as boundary conditions were reasonable. Theoretical investigations revealed that the peak load capacity of the wall was significantly influenced by the contact length between segments in the OOP direction, which was roughly 44.8 % of the wall thickness at the peak point. Additionally, the OOP deflection after cracking depended on the wall's slenderness ratio, height, peak compressive strain, and crushing strain. It was found that the developed theoretical tri-linear model fairly predicted the OOP performance of infills (slenderness ratios range from 8.42 to 28.81) with less error in comparison to the previously developed theoretical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 120039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Engineering Structures","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029625004304","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The out-of-plane (OOP) behavior of infill walls has received minimal attention in the past due to the lack of reliable analytical solutions. To solve this issue, the research article proposed a simplified tri-linear theoretical model to comprehend the OOP behavior of masonry infills considering different performance levels (cracking, peak, and ultimate). This study was mainly categorized into four main parts. Firstly, it involved determining the OOP deflection field and arching mechanism of masonry infills through the advanced digital image correlation technique to form a solid foundation for theoretical investigations. Secondly, the principle of mechanics was employed to derive the OOP cracking load and the corresponding deflection. Thirdly, the OOP peak load capacity was calculated by applying the principle of minimum potential energy and considering material constitutive laws. Finally, geometrical calculations were utilized to determine the peak and ultimate deflections, making it a comprehensive and rigorous study. Upon analyzing the DIC deflection field, it was observed that the RC frame surrounding the infills effectively constrained their deflections along the boundary edges. This indicated that the assumption of hinge supports as boundary conditions were reasonable. Theoretical investigations revealed that the peak load capacity of the wall was significantly influenced by the contact length between segments in the OOP direction, which was roughly 44.8 % of the wall thickness at the peak point. Additionally, the OOP deflection after cracking depended on the wall's slenderness ratio, height, peak compressive strain, and crushing strain. It was found that the developed theoretical tri-linear model fairly predicted the OOP performance of infills (slenderness ratios range from 8.42 to 28.81) with less error in comparison to the previously developed theoretical models.
期刊介绍:
Engineering Structures provides a forum for a broad blend of scientific and technical papers to reflect the evolving needs of the structural engineering and structural mechanics communities. Particularly welcome are contributions dealing with applications of structural engineering and mechanics principles in all areas of technology. The journal aspires to a broad and integrated coverage of the effects of dynamic loadings and of the modelling techniques whereby the structural response to these loadings may be computed.
The scope of Engineering Structures encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas: infrastructure engineering; earthquake engineering; structure-fluid-soil interaction; wind engineering; fire engineering; blast engineering; structural reliability/stability; life assessment/integrity; structural health monitoring; multi-hazard engineering; structural dynamics; optimization; expert systems; experimental modelling; performance-based design; multiscale analysis; value engineering.
Topics of interest include: tall buildings; innovative structures; environmentally responsive structures; bridges; stadiums; commercial and public buildings; transmission towers; television and telecommunication masts; foldable structures; cooling towers; plates and shells; suspension structures; protective structures; smart structures; nuclear reactors; dams; pressure vessels; pipelines; tunnels.
Engineering Structures also publishes review articles, short communications and discussions, book reviews, and a diary on international events related to any aspect of structural engineering.