{"title":"Reaction kinetics of Na2CO3-activated blast furnace slag with organic ligands: Insights from electrical conductivity measurements","authors":"Julson Aymard Tchio , Elijah Adesanya , Rafal Sliz , Brant Walkley , Juho Yliniemi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106021","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical conductivity measurement using impedance spectroscopy could be a valuable technique for monitoring the various reaction processes of cementitious materials and predicting their long-term durability. In this study, alternating current impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the influence of two ligands, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with a 0.1 wt% dosage, on the hardening process of four types of blast furnace slag (BFS) activated with sodium carbonate solution. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether impedance spectroscopy could be used for estimating the reactivity of BFS and monitoring the reaction kinetics of this type of binder as well as evaluating the correlation between electrical conductivity and reaction heat, pore solution chemistry, setting time, flowability and compressive strength. The results demonstrated that both ligands accelerated the hardening process and increased compressive strength, which was confirmed by the various techniques used. The measured electrical conductivities varied among BFS pastes due to differences in their pore solution composition and microstructure and correlated with compressive strength evolution. The results demonstrated that impedance spectroscopy is sensitive enough to detect differences in conductivity due to differences in the reactivity of BFS and the effect of low a dosage of ligands in the binder. However, because of the overall complexity of reactions in this type of binder, responses in electrical conductivity do not show systematic trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 106021"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cement & concrete composites","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958946525001039","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Electrical conductivity measurement using impedance spectroscopy could be a valuable technique for monitoring the various reaction processes of cementitious materials and predicting their long-term durability. In this study, alternating current impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the influence of two ligands, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with a 0.1 wt% dosage, on the hardening process of four types of blast furnace slag (BFS) activated with sodium carbonate solution. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether impedance spectroscopy could be used for estimating the reactivity of BFS and monitoring the reaction kinetics of this type of binder as well as evaluating the correlation between electrical conductivity and reaction heat, pore solution chemistry, setting time, flowability and compressive strength. The results demonstrated that both ligands accelerated the hardening process and increased compressive strength, which was confirmed by the various techniques used. The measured electrical conductivities varied among BFS pastes due to differences in their pore solution composition and microstructure and correlated with compressive strength evolution. The results demonstrated that impedance spectroscopy is sensitive enough to detect differences in conductivity due to differences in the reactivity of BFS and the effect of low a dosage of ligands in the binder. However, because of the overall complexity of reactions in this type of binder, responses in electrical conductivity do not show systematic trends.
期刊介绍:
Cement & concrete composites focuses on advancements in cement-concrete composite technology and the production, use, and performance of cement-based construction materials. It covers a wide range of materials, including fiber-reinforced composites, polymer composites, ferrocement, and those incorporating special aggregates or waste materials. Major themes include microstructure, material properties, testing, durability, mechanics, modeling, design, fabrication, and practical applications. The journal welcomes papers on structural behavior, field studies, repair and maintenance, serviceability, and sustainability. It aims to enhance understanding, provide a platform for unconventional materials, promote low-cost energy-saving materials, and bridge the gap between materials science, engineering, and construction. Special issues on emerging topics are also published to encourage collaboration between materials scientists, engineers, designers, and fabricators.