N95 mask usage in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Does it affect clinical outcomes?

Abstract

Background

The global COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the widespread use of N95 masks, yet their impact on children with chronic conditions like type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remains underexplored.

Objective

This study investigates the effects of N95 mask usage on clinical outcomes in children with T1DM.

Methods

This study enrolled 34 children aged 10–18 with T1DM. Study participants' systemic symptoms and physiological parameters were assessed before and after wearing N95 masks for one hour. Blood glucose levels and capillary blood gas analyses were performed, and any symptoms reported were documented.

Results

Nearly half of the participants (47 %) experienced symptoms such as difficulty breathing (41.2 %), ear pain (26.5 %), and runny nose (20.6 %). Despite these symptoms, no significant changes were observed in laboratory values or vital signs, including blood glucose levels, pH, pCO2, HCO3, base excess, lactate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that N95 masks may cause discomfort but do not adversely affect physiological parameters in children with T1DM. The study highlights the importance of balancing mask-related discomfort with the protective benefits of mask usage in this population. To confirm these findings, more extensive studies with extended mask use durations are needed.

Practice implications

Nurses are crucial in educating children and their families about proper mask usage, addressing potential discomfort, and implementing strategies to improve adherence. These may include ensuring an appropriate mask fit and advising on brief, safe breaks when needed.