Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequities in SARS-CoV-2-Related Outcomes: Results from a Serosurvey in Chicago.

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02362-4

Christopher A Eyo, Joshua M Schrock, Christina Hayford, Daniel T Ryan, Rana Saber, Nanette Benbow, Michael E Newcomb, Alexis R Demonbreun, Elizabeth M McNally, Richard T D'Aquila, Thomas W McDade, Brian Mustanski

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Abstract

Background: Several studies have documented racial and ethnic disparities related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 prevalence and associated health outcomes, but the proximal determinants underpinning these disparities remain unclear. Here, we test whether demographics, household composition, occupation type, chronic conditions, health insurance coverage, and neighborhood disadvantage account for racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a serosurvey of adults in Chicago, IL (n = 5991) before emergency use authorization for COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020. Participants completed an online survey and provided a dried blood spot (DBS) sample for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Results: Hispanic/Latino and Black participants had greater odds of being seropositive and being diagnosed with COVID-19 compared to White participants. Among seropositive participants, Hispanic/Latino and Black participants had higher antibody concentrations compared to White participants, and Hispanic/Latino participants had higher levels of symptom severity compared to White participants. Adding all variables to the model yielded a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of Hispanic/Latino vs. White disparities in symptom severity among seropositive participants (Δ = - 59.4%, P = 0.015). We detected spatial clustering of high symptom severity in predominantly Hispanic/Latino neighborhoods and low symptom severity in predominantly White neighborhoods. Multiple inequities remained apparent after adjustment for all covariates.

Conclusions: Household composition, demographics, occupation type, chronic conditions, and neighborhood disadvantage collectively explain a substantial proportion of Hispanic/Latino vs. White inequities in symptom severity, but these factors are not sufficient to explain racial and ethnic inequities in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and COVID-19 case rates.

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来源期刊

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

263

期刊介绍： Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.