Binder jetting of spinel-based refractory materials – processing, microstructure and properties

IF 10.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1016/j.addma.2025.104727
Lisa Freitag , Enrico Storti , Leif Bretschneider , Henning Zeidler , Jana Hubálková , Christos G. Aneziris
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Abstract

Spinel-based refractories were produced by binder jetting using a novel MgO-citric acid binder system and water as an activator of the acid–base reaction. Additionally to different amounts of binder and saturation levels, the addition of small amounts of PVA was investigated. Powder characteristics such as particle size distribution, particle shape and flowability as well as thermal behavior of the binder system were evaluated. Phase analysis by XRD conducted on dried and sintered samples indicated in situ spinel formation. Sintered samples exhibited low shrinkage (<  4%), but rather high apparent porosity (>  50 vol.%) and median pore size (>25μm). Compressive strength of dried and sintered samples was measured both parallel and perpendicular to the printed layers with values up to 8.5 MPa in the sintered state. After thermal shock with water, microcracks were formed and the residual strength was about 1.9 MPa. Selected sintered samples were analyzed with microfocused X-ray computed tomography, revealing the orientation of larger angular-shaped particles along the printed layers. Finally, a small crucible was successfully printed and sintered.

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来源期刊
Additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing Materials Science-General Materials Science
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
12.70%
发文量
648
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Additive Manufacturing stands as a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to delivering high-quality research papers and reviews in the field of additive manufacturing, serving both academia and industry leaders. The journal's objective is to recognize the innovative essence of additive manufacturing and its diverse applications, providing a comprehensive overview of current developments and future prospects. The transformative potential of additive manufacturing technologies in product design and manufacturing is poised to disrupt traditional approaches. In response to this paradigm shift, a distinctive and comprehensive publication outlet was essential. Additive Manufacturing fulfills this need, offering a platform for engineers, materials scientists, and practitioners across academia and various industries to document and share innovations in these evolving technologies.
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