The role of rhizosphere microbiomes in enhancing terpene production in Ferula asafoetida: A comparative study across three different regions

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between rhizosphere microbiomes and terpene production in Ferula asafoetida across three regions in South Khorasan, Iran: Aliabad, Anjiri, and Ghalie. Rhizosphere samples were collected from each region to analyze bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, essential oil from the plant was extracted and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and terpenoid content among the regions. The highest concentrations of α-Terpineol and other valuable terpenes were found in Anjiri and Ghalie. In these regions, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, which are known for their roles in nutrient cycling and promoting plant growth, were dominant. This presence may enhance terpene biosynthesis. In contrast, Aliabad showed lower microbial diversity and terpene content, suggesting that rhizosphere microbiomes are key drivers of terpene production. This research highlights the importance of rhizosphere microorganisms in plant biochemistry and their potential applications in agriculture and the industrial production of bioactive compounds.