Comparison of the behaviour of pro-oxidant additive containing plastic degradation in the unmanaged natural environment and in the laboratory.

Abstract

Pro-oxidant additive containing (PAC) plastics are designed to degrade in the unmanaged natural environment through oxidation and biological processes. In 2020, the British Standard Institution published the PAS 9017:2020 standard designed to ensure that PAC plastic tested under a specific set of protocols would successfully biodegrade in the environment. In this article, we compare the outcomes of laboratory tests carried out according to PAS 9017:2020 with field tests in an open unmanaged environment in the UK over 24 months. We report that the PAC cups were intact after 24 months and did not undergo significant abiotic degradation nor biodegradation during field tests. The PAC cups did undergo rapid abiotic degradation during accelerated UV laboratory tests, however the carbonyl index never reached 1.0. The molecular weight of the PAC cups decreased throughout the field trials and during the laboratory tests but neither satisfied the requirements stated in PAS 9017:2020. Earthworm avoidance tests and earthworm reproduction tests carried out in artificial soil showed no significant adverse effects or impact on the microbial community. We conclude that PAS 9017:2020 does not predict the real-world behaviour of the PAC plastics we tested in the open unmanaged environment in the temperate climate of the UK.