Impact professionnel du Trouble Déficit de l’Attention avec ou sans Hyperactivité (TDAH)

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in childhood and can persist into adulthood, affecting various aspects of daily life, including the professional environment. The prevalence of ADHD in adults is estimated to be between 1.5% and 3.2%. In France, the 2023–2027 national strategy for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) highlights the importance of managing adult ADHD, including medication prescriptions. The article is based on a literature review examining the impact of ADHD on the professional lives of adults. The review methodology focuses on identifying the main symptoms of ADHD in adults, associated comorbidities, and specific impacts on the professional environment. Adults with ADHD exhibit attention and concentration difficulties, emotional regulation problems, often accompanied by manifestations of psychic or physical hyperactivity. These symptoms can vary depending on the context and professional constraints. Frequent comorbidities include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, complicating the diagnosis and management of ADHD. ADHD has a significant impact on professional life, with studies showing decreased productivity, lower qualification levels, and higher absenteeism rates. For instance, a global survey by the WHO revealed that workers with ADHD lost an average of 22 days of productivity per year compared to their non-ADHD colleagues. Adults with ADHD may experience difficulties in organization, time management, punctuality, and interpersonal relationships at work. These challenges can be exacerbated by stressful and poorly adapted work environments. Specific adaptations can mitigate the negative effects of ADHD on the professional environment. These include creating an adapted work environment, regular breaks, and using specific organizational tools. A stimulating and supportive work environment can help adults with ADHD maximize their strengths, such as creativity, dynamism, and effective crisis management. For example, avoiding noisy open spaces, allowing standing work options, and providing access to resource spaces can improve well being and performance. The risk of professional burnout is high among adults with ADHD, particularly those working in stressful environments like the healthcare sector. Studies show a correlation between ADHD symptoms and burnout, emphasizing the need for tailored management to prevent exhaustion. Healthcare professionals are particularly at risk, with factors such as stress, irregular hours, and high responsibilities increasing their vulnerability to burnout. It is crucial to raise awareness and train healthcare professionals in recognizing and managing ADHD. Better understanding can improve early detection and appropriate management, thereby reducing the negative impact on professional life. Innovative initiatives, such as support programs, psychoeducation, and specific workplace adaptations, can promote better integration of adults with ADHD into the professional environment. For example, using time management applications and organizational software can be extremely helpful. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the long-term impact of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in adulthood. Such research can inform policies and practices to improve professional integration and quality of life for adults with ADHD. In conclusion, it is essential to advocate for the awareness and training of healthcare professionals to improve the identification and management of ADHD. Innovative initiatives, such as support programs, psychoeducation, and specific workplace adaptations, can promote better integration of adults with ADHD into the professional environment, thereby enhancing their quality of life and job performance.