Paul G. Arauz , Gabriela Garcia , Jose Llerena , Maede Boroji , Vahid Danesh , Imin Kao
{"title":"3-Dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the snatch in elite and varsity weightlifters","authors":"Paul G. Arauz , Gabriela Garcia , Jose Llerena , Maede Boroji , Vahid Danesh , Imin Kao","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112625","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastering the snatch lift requires physical strength as well as a deep understanding of kinematics, kinetics, and timing, making it one of the most technically demanding athletic feats. While kinematic differences across skill levels are well-documented, kinetic differences are less understood. Exploring the 3D kinetics of the snatch can reveal important insights into the movement patterns, moments, forces, and power involved in the lift, helping to enhance performance for lifters at all skill levels. This study examined the 3D kinematic and kinetic differences between elite and varsity weightlifters during the snatch lift. A total of 23 participants (10 females, 13 males), including 11 elite and 12 varsity weightlifters, were measured. Results from the SPM analysis of 3D kinematics and kinetics during the snatch lift indicate that elite athletes tend to achieve key kinematic events slightly later in the lift cycle compared to varsity athletes, particularly in knee flexion and extension. In addition, elite lifters demonstrated superior shoulder moments about adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation axes, along with increased elbow and wrist moments during most of the raising phase. Key differences indicate elite athletes showed greater hip extensor and abductor moments at the catch and rise phases, while varsity athletes exhibited higher lateral forces during the first pull and transition phases (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in shoulder, wrist, and ankle dynamics, with elite lifters demonstrating greater normalized power and moments across various joints (p < 0.05). These findings provide a valuable reference for improving the snatch technique of both varsity and elite lifters. Addressing variations in the mechanics and timing of the snatch lift may enhance performance and proficiency across all levels of weightlifters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 112625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of biomechanics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929025001368","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Mastering the snatch lift requires physical strength as well as a deep understanding of kinematics, kinetics, and timing, making it one of the most technically demanding athletic feats. While kinematic differences across skill levels are well-documented, kinetic differences are less understood. Exploring the 3D kinetics of the snatch can reveal important insights into the movement patterns, moments, forces, and power involved in the lift, helping to enhance performance for lifters at all skill levels. This study examined the 3D kinematic and kinetic differences between elite and varsity weightlifters during the snatch lift. A total of 23 participants (10 females, 13 males), including 11 elite and 12 varsity weightlifters, were measured. Results from the SPM analysis of 3D kinematics and kinetics during the snatch lift indicate that elite athletes tend to achieve key kinematic events slightly later in the lift cycle compared to varsity athletes, particularly in knee flexion and extension. In addition, elite lifters demonstrated superior shoulder moments about adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation axes, along with increased elbow and wrist moments during most of the raising phase. Key differences indicate elite athletes showed greater hip extensor and abductor moments at the catch and rise phases, while varsity athletes exhibited higher lateral forces during the first pull and transition phases (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in shoulder, wrist, and ankle dynamics, with elite lifters demonstrating greater normalized power and moments across various joints (p < 0.05). These findings provide a valuable reference for improving the snatch technique of both varsity and elite lifters. Addressing variations in the mechanics and timing of the snatch lift may enhance performance and proficiency across all levels of weightlifters.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Biomechanics publishes reports of original and substantial findings using the principles of mechanics to explore biological problems. Analytical, as well as experimental papers may be submitted, and the journal accepts original articles, surveys and perspective articles (usually by Editorial invitation only), book reviews and letters to the Editor. The criteria for acceptance of manuscripts include excellence, novelty, significance, clarity, conciseness and interest to the readership.
Papers published in the journal may cover a wide range of topics in biomechanics, including, but not limited to:
-Fundamental Topics - Biomechanics of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, mechanics of hard and soft tissues, biofluid mechanics, mechanics of prostheses and implant-tissue interfaces, mechanics of cells.
-Cardiovascular and Respiratory Biomechanics - Mechanics of blood-flow, air-flow, mechanics of the soft tissues, flow-tissue or flow-prosthesis interactions.
-Cell Biomechanics - Biomechanic analyses of cells, membranes and sub-cellular structures; the relationship of the mechanical environment to cell and tissue response.
-Dental Biomechanics - Design and analysis of dental tissues and prostheses, mechanics of chewing.
-Functional Tissue Engineering - The role of biomechanical factors in engineered tissue replacements and regenerative medicine.
-Injury Biomechanics - Mechanics of impact and trauma, dynamics of man-machine interaction.
-Molecular Biomechanics - Mechanical analyses of biomolecules.
-Orthopedic Biomechanics - Mechanics of fracture and fracture fixation, mechanics of implants and implant fixation, mechanics of bones and joints, wear of natural and artificial joints.
-Rehabilitation Biomechanics - Analyses of gait, mechanics of prosthetics and orthotics.
-Sports Biomechanics - Mechanical analyses of sports performance.