Journal of biomechanics最新文献

Development of an automated method for analyzing muscle dynamics across different morphologies based on B-mode ultrasound images 开发一种基于b超图像分析不同形态肌肉动力学的自动化方法

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113162

Taku Miyazawa , Fumiya Sasaki , Hiroki Hanawa , Keisuke Kubota , Keisuke Hirata , Tsutomu Fujino , Miho Arai , Naohiko Kanemura

Muscles have various forms; therefore, their deformation patterns vary during contraction, which combine rotational and translational movements. Pennation angle assessment alone cannot accurately represent muscle movements. This study aimed to develop an image analysis algorithm that automatically tracks muscle displacement and to test its accuracy in fusiform and pennate muscles. In this study, twelve participants performed voluntary knee flexion–extension at 25°, 50°, and 75°. The semitendinosus and vastus lateralis muscles were imaged using ultrasonography to assess the fusiform and pennate muscles, respectively. From the acquired images, manually selected region of interest was divided into three layers (superficial, middle, and deep), and the displacement was analyzed using the proposed image analysis algorithm. This algorithm extracts multiple feature points and tracks automatically based on the Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi method, and calculates the displacement of each muscle layer from multiple points. The results presented the displacement of fusiform and pennate muscles, showing translational and rotational displacements of the three layers in the former and latter, respectively. Tracked muscle displacements strongly correlated with angular changes in the knee joints (r > 0.98) and closely matched manual analysis (r = 0.82–0.95). Accuracy decreased with increasing displacement ranges and was lower for fusiform than pennate muscles (maximum error: fusiform: 1.48, 2.15, and 2.87 mm; pennate: 1.67, 1.44, and 1.91 mm, at 25°, 50°, and 75°, respectively). The proposed method has potential for application in both clinical and basic research.

肌肉有多种形式；因此，它们的变形模式在收缩过程中变化，这结合了旋转和平移运动。单独评估笔触角度不能准确地反映肌肉运动。本研究旨在开发一种自动跟踪肌肉位移的图像分析算法，并测试其在梭状肌和pennate肌中的准确性。在这项研究中，12名参与者在25°、50°和75°处进行了自愿膝关节屈伸。半腱肌和股外侧肌分别采用超声成像评估梭状肌和矢状肌。从获取的图像中，手动选择感兴趣的区域划分为三层（浅层、中层和深层），并使用本文提出的图像分析算法进行位移分析。该算法基于Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi方法自动提取多个特征点并跟踪，并从多个点计算出每个肌肉层的位移。结果显示梭状肌和矢状肌的位移，分别显示梭状肌和矢状肌三层的平移和旋转位移。追踪的肌肉位移与膝关节角度变化密切相关（r > 0.98），与人工分析密切匹配（r = 0.82-0.95）。精度随着位移范围的增加而下降，梭状肌的精度低于矢状肌（最大误差：梭状肌：1.48、2.15和2.87 mm；矢状肌：1.67、1.44和1.91 mm，分别为25°、50°和75°）。该方法在临床和基础研究中均有应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of 3D printed somatosensory stimulation foot orthoses with customized knob heights on postural balance and gait in older adults 定制旋钮高度的3D打印体感刺激足部矫形器对老年人姿势平衡和步态的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113163

Abu Jor , Stanley J Winser , Fan Gao , Ming Zhang , Toshiki Kobayashi

Age-related declines in sensory and musculoskeletal function contribute to impaired balance in older adults. Although foot orthoses are commonly recommended, conventional designs often fail to effectively stimulate plantar mechanoreceptor to enhance sensory feedback for postural control. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effectiveness of 3D-printed, site-specific somatosensory stimulation foot orthoses (SSFO) with customized knob heights, compared to placebo foot orthoses (PFO) without stimulating knobs and conventional flat foot orthoses (FFO). We assessed postural balance during static standing and walking across varied treadmill slope angles. In this repeated measures design study, 23 older adults wore each orthosis type in a randomized order. Postural control and stability were quantified using center of pressure (CoP) trajectories, plantar force/pressure distributions, and subjective ratings of tactile perception and satisfaction. SSFO significantly reduced anteroposterior CoP root mean square (RMS) and range during standing with eyes open compared to both PFO and FFO. During walking, main effects of orthosis type on CoP trajectories were not significant. However, statistical parametric mapping revealed that SSFO reduced mediolateral CoP displacement and increased ground reaction forces during specific phases of uphill walking. SSFO also decreased plantar forces at toes, forefoot, and rearfoot while increasing midfoot loading under certain conditions. Subjective ratings indicated greater perceived effectiveness and safety for SSFO compared to the other orthoses. These findings highlight the potential of site-specific customized SSFO to enhance somatosensory feedback and improve postural balance in older adults. This novel orthotic approach merits further investigation into long-term effects and optimal stimulation strategies.

与年龄相关的感觉和肌肉骨骼功能下降导致老年人平衡能力受损。虽然足部矫形器通常被推荐使用，但传统的设计往往不能有效地刺激足底机械感受器来增强姿势控制的感觉反馈。本研究旨在评估具有定制旋钮高度的3d打印特定部位体感刺激足矫形器（SSFO）与没有刺激旋钮的安慰剂足矫形器（PFO）和传统平足矫形器（FFO）的即时效果。我们评估了在不同的跑步机斜坡角度静态站立和行走时的姿势平衡。在这项重复测量设计研究中，23名老年人按随机顺序佩戴每种矫形器。体位控制和稳定性通过压力中心（CoP）轨迹、足底力/压力分布以及触觉感知和满意度的主观评分来量化。与PFO和FFO相比，SSFO显著降低了睁眼站立时的前后位CoP均方根（RMS）和范围。行走时，矫形器类型对CoP轨迹的主要影响不显著。然而，统计参数映射显示，在上坡行走的特定阶段，SSFO减少了内侧CoP位移并增加了地面反作用力。在某些条件下，SSFO还可以减少脚趾、前脚和后脚的足底力，同时增加足中部的负荷。主观评分表明，与其他矫形器相比，SSFO的有效性和安全性更高。这些发现强调了特定部位定制的SSFO在增强老年人体感反馈和改善姿势平衡方面的潜力。这种新的矫形方法值得进一步研究其长期效果和最佳刺激策略。

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引用次数: 0

Human in the loop optimization of rocker shoes for offloading plantar pressure in the forefoot 前足减压摇椅鞋的人在环优化。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113157

R.R. Kurnianto , J.M. Hijmans , C. Greve , H. Houdijk

Rocker shoes are often prescribed to reduce pressure in diabetic patients with loss of protective sensation but optimal apex position (AP) and apex angle (AA) vary across individuals. This study investigated whether human-in-the-loop optimization (HILO) can offload multiple high-pressure forefoot zones simultaneously without excessively increasing pressure in low-pressure regions. Ten healthy adults with ≥ 2 forefoot zones exceeding 200 kPa were recruited. Peak plantar pressure was measured using in-shoe sensors, and forefoot zones were classified as “at risk” (AR, ≥200 kPa) or “no risk” (NR, <200 kPa). An evolutionary optimization algorithm was used to find optimal AP and AA to reduce peak pressure in all forefoot regions simultaneously. The HILO optimized shoe was compared with a generic personalization algorithm (Malki) and a control shoe. HILO and Malki shoes significantly reduced the number of AR zones compared to control (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). While AP settings were similar (HILO = 62.1 ± 1.7 %; Malki = 63.1 ± 3.0 %), HILO resulted in a wider range of AA (96.9° ± 32.6°) compared to Malki (96.9° ± 8.9°). HILO offloaded all zones that Malki did plus four additional zones across three participants, achieving an 81 % success rate versus 65 % for Malki across participants in this study. These findings demonstrate HILO’s potential to individually optimize rocker shoe settings for multi-zone offloading. HILO could find settings that deviate from general guidelines, but deliver similar or better performance. Future work should validate HILO in patients and streamline the protocol to improve clinical feasibility.

对于失去保护感觉的糖尿病患者，摇椅鞋常用于减压，但最佳顶点位置（AP）和顶点角度（AA）因人而异。本研究探讨了人在环优化（human-in-the-loop optimization， HILO）能否在不过度增加低压区域压力的情况下，同时卸载多个高压前足区域。招募10名前足区≥2处超过200 kPa的健康成人。使用鞋内传感器测量峰值足底压力，并将前足区分为“有风险”（AR,≥200 kPa）或“无风险”(NR，

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引用次数: 0

Functional and anatomical characteristics of the heel fat pad based on different sports events 基于不同运动项目的足跟脂肪垫的功能解剖学特征

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113148

Toshihiro Maemichi , Masatomo Matsumoto , Takumi Okunuki , Toshiharu Tsutsui , Tsukasa Kumai

This study investigated the thickness and stiffness of the heel fat pad among male university athletes involved in sports with different performance characteristics: with shoes, barefoot, and in water. Participants included 34 male athletes—12 judo players (barefoot competition), 10 American football players (shoe competition), and 12 swimmers (water-based)—as well as 12 male non-athlete controls. Using ultrasonography, we measured the thickness of the shallow and deep layers of the heel fat pad under 0%, 50%, and 100% loading conditions, along with their respective rates of change. Stiffness (elasticity) of both layers was also assessed. At 0% load, both the shallow and deep layers were thickest in swimmers and thinner in judo and American football athletes. In the shallow layer, swimmers showed the greatest rate of change in thickness with loading. In the deep layer, significant changes were found in the judo and swimmer groups compared to the American football group, and in swimmers compared to controls. Elasticity in the shallow layer was lower in American football players than in the judo and swimmer groups. In the deep layer, judo athletes had the lowest elasticity, whereas swimmers had the highest. These findings indicate that the heel fat pad’s morphology and mechanical properties differ across sports disciplines, likely reflecting adaptations to sport-specific loading patterns.

本研究调查了男性大学生运动员在不同表现特征的运动中：穿鞋、赤脚和水中的鞋跟脂肪垫的厚度和刚度。参与者包括34名男性运动员——12名柔道运动员（赤脚比赛），10名美式足球运动员（穿鞋比赛），12名游泳运动员（水上比赛）——以及12名非运动员男性对照组。利用超声技术，我们测量了0%、50%和100%加载条件下足跟脂肪垫浅层和深层的厚度，以及它们各自的变化率。对两层的刚度（弹性）也进行了评估。在0%负荷下，游泳运动员的浅层和深层都是最厚的，而柔道和美式足球运动员的浅层和深层都是最薄的。在浅层，游泳者的厚度随负荷变化的速率最大。在深层，柔道组和游泳组与美式橄榄球组相比，游泳组与对照组相比，发现了显著的变化。美式橄榄球运动员的浅层弹性低于柔道和游泳运动员。在深层，柔道运动员弹性最低，而游泳运动员弹性最高。这些发现表明，不同运动项目的足跟脂肪垫的形态和机械特性不同，这可能反映了对特定运动负荷模式的适应。

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引用次数: 0

Hypoxia promotes blood blister-like aneurysms development: A computational fluid dynamics study 缺氧促进血泡样动脉瘤的发展：一项计算流体动力学研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113150

Siquan Cheng , Lunxin Liu , Yue Qiu , YiKe Diao , Daiyang He , Fei Yan , ChaoHua Wang , Kang Li

Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) are a rare and severe type of aneurysms with high mortality and morbidity. While BBAs are known to occur predominantly in plateau sections, their exact cause remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the correlation between oxygen mass transport and BBA initiation with patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. A group of 12 BBA patients were enrolled. The mass transport of oxygen (O₂), time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were analyzed. Results show that the O₂ transport rate in the region where BBA occurs is very low in for 11 out of 12 patients. This region is also associated with low TAWSS and high OSI. In conclusion, this study strongly supports that mass transport of O₂ and hemodynamics exhibit the potential to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for BBAs. Furthermore, it is important to eliminate the hypoxia region of BBA during treatment.

血泡样动脉瘤（BBAs）是一种罕见且严重的动脉瘤，死亡率和发病率都很高。虽然已知BBAs主要发生在高原地区，但其确切原因尚不清楚。本研究旨在利用患者特异性计算流体动力学（CFD）方法研究氧质量输运与BBA起始之间的相关性。本研究共纳入12例BBA患者。分析了氧（O2）的质量输运、时间平均壁剪应力（TAWSS）和振荡剪切指数（OSI）。结果显示，12例患者中有11例发生BBA的区域O2转运率非常低。该区域也与低TAWSS和高OSI相关。总之，本研究强烈支持O2的质量运输和血流动力学表现出作为BBAs诊断生物标志物的潜力。此外，在治疗过程中消除BBA的缺氧区也很重要。

引用次数: 0

Nondestructive measurement of anterior cerebral artery stiffness using optical coherence elastography 用光学相干弹性成像无损测量大脑前动脉硬度。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113147

Mykyta Ananchenko , Xu Feng , Samuel Halvorsen , Seok-Hyun Yun , Yanhang Zhang

Cerebrovascular dysfunction is associated with aging and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging technique for measuring the stiffness of arteries nondestructively with high spatial resolution. In this study, we employed wave-based OCE to measure the shear modulus of human anterior cerebral arteries (ACA). Surface elastic waves were excited on ACA across a wide frequency range (2 to 100 kHz), at intra-vessel pressures ranging from 20 to 140 mmHg. Lamb wave theory was applied to analyze the propagation speeds of dispersive elastic waves guided along the arterial walls and determine shear modulus. The measured shear modulus increases linearly with pressure, reflecting the hyper-elastic properties of arterial walls. The data were compared with stiffness values derived from conventional biaxial extension-inflation mechanical testing. The shear modulus determined from high frequency OCE measurements are much higher when compared to those from the quasi-static mechanical tests. Nevertheless, both measurements demonstrated a consistent trend of cerebral artery stiffening with aging.

脑血管功能障碍与衰老和神经退行性疾病的进展有关。光学相干弹性成像（OCE）是一种新兴的、具有高空间分辨率的动脉刚度无损测量技术。在这项研究中，我们采用基于波的OCE测量人类大脑前动脉（ACA）的剪切模量。在20 ~ 140 mmHg的血管内压力下，ACA在宽频率范围内（2 ~ 100 kHz）激发表面弹性波。应用兰姆波理论分析了色散弹性波沿动脉壁的传播速度，确定了剪切模量。实测剪切模量随压力线性增加，反映了动脉壁的超弹性特性。将数据与常规双轴拉伸-膨胀力学测试的刚度值进行了比较。与准静态力学试验相比，高频OCE测量确定的剪切模量要高得多。然而，两种测量结果都表明，随着年龄的增长，大脑动脉硬化的趋势是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Functional data analysis of vertical barbell acceleration during the pull of the power clean 功能数据分析竖直杠铃加速过程中拉力清洁的动力

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113146

Tsuyoshi Nagatani , Shayne Vial , Kristina L. Kendall , Paul Comfort , G.Gregory Haff

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vertical barbell acceleration patterns and power clean performance. Thirty strength-power athletes performed a one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean test, recording vertical barbell acceleration data from their heaviest successful lifts. This data was then analysed using functional principal component (fPC) analysis methods. Three vertical barbell acceleration patterns were extracted, with each primarily reflecting variations in the magnitude of vertical barbell acceleration during the second pull (fPC1), the transition (fPC2), and the first pull (fPC3). Additionally, two fPCs were extracted from displacement fields, which explain timing variations in barbell acceleration data, with the first fPC capturing timing variations during the first pull and the second fPC capturing timing variations during the transition. There were no significant or meaningful correlations between any of these patterns and power clean performance, suggesting that the amplitude and timing variations of vertical barbell acceleration patterns may not be the key biomechanical factor impacting power clean performance. Therefore, vertical barbell acceleration profiles should not be interpreted as a direct indicator of power clean technique, as these patterns may simply reflect acceptable individual variation, rather than representing technical proficiency or inefficiency. These findings may highlight that isolated measures of barbell kinematics should be considered informative, yet insufficient for assessing weightlifting technique, without additional variables reflecting the kinetics and kinematics of the lifter considered.

本研究的目的是研究垂直杠铃加速模式与力量清洁性能之间的关系。30名力量-力量运动员进行了一次最大（1RM）力量清洁测试，记录了他们举重时的垂直杠铃加速度数据。然后使用功能主成分（fPC）分析方法分析该数据。提取了三种垂直杠铃加速度模式，每种模式主要反映了第二次牵拉（fPC1）、过渡（fPC2）和第一次牵拉（fPC3）期间垂直杠铃加速度的大小变化。此外，从位移场中提取了两个fPC，这解释了杠铃加速度数据的时间变化，第一个fPC捕获了第一次拉动时的时间变化，第二个fPC捕获了过渡期间的时间变化。这些模式与动力清洁性能之间没有显著或有意义的相关性，这表明垂直杠铃加速模式的振幅和时间变化可能不是影响动力清洁性能的关键生物力学因素。因此，垂直杠铃加速度曲线不应被解释为动力清洁技术的直接指标，因为这些模式可能只是反映了可接受的个人差异，而不是代表技术熟练或低效率。这些发现可能会强调，杠铃运动学的孤立测量应该被认为是有用的，但不足以评估举重技术，没有额外的变量反映所考虑的举重者的动力学和运动学。

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引用次数: 0

Aberrant tissue mechanics and mechanotransduction during heart development in down syndrome 唐氏综合征心脏发育过程中的异常组织力学和机械转导。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113103

Rachel S. Reeser , Mitchell C. VeDepo , Rukshika S. Hewawasam , Katherine A. Waugh , Kyndal A. Schade , Mostafa Abdel-Hafiz , Brisa Peña , Luisa Mestroni , Orfeo Sbaizero , Joaquin M. Espinosa , Chelsea M. Magin , Jeffrey G. Jacot

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) account for 70% of all cases of patients diagnosed with a septal heart defect.

To investigate the mechanisms underlying aberrant septation in Down syndrome, we examined how altered extracellular-matrix composition and tissue stiffness in the Dp16 mouse model influence cardiomyocyte mechanotransduction using trisomy 21 iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, revealing a potential biomechanical pathway contributing to congenital heart defects in the Down syndrome population.

We hypothesized that in DS, upregulation of type VI collagen and hyaluronic acid in the endocardial cushion increases cushion stiffness, altering cellular mechanotransduction and ultimately leading to differences in cell proliferation and gene expression that perturb heart development. Results found that endocardial cushions of the Dp16 mouse model of DS showed a non-significant trend toward increased stiffness compared to WT. Furthermore, iPSC-CM with trisomy 21 exhibited decreased proliferation following culture on substrates of increasing stiffness, and following cyclic mechanical stretch, DS iPSC-CM developed stress fibers, disorganized sarcomeres and a decreased expression of mature cardiac markers. Yet cyclic mechanical stretch of control iPSC-CM induced sarcomere alignment and increased mature cardiac gene expression compared to static conditions. These data argue that tissue mechanics, driven by upregulation of ECM proteins, lead to increased endocardial cushion stiffness in the Dp16 mouse, and that iPSC-CM with trisomy 21 aberrantly respond to changes to stiffness and stretch, ultimately proposing a novel avenue to investigate congenital heart defects in the DS population.

唐氏综合症（DS）患者占所有诊断为室间隔心脏缺陷患者的70%。为了研究唐氏综合征中异常分隔的机制，我们使用21三体ipsc衍生的心肌细胞，研究了Dp16小鼠模型中细胞外基质成分和组织刚度的改变如何影响心肌细胞的机械转导，揭示了唐氏综合征人群中导致先天性心脏缺陷的潜在生物力学途径。我们假设，在DS中，心内膜垫中VI型胶原蛋白和透明质酸的上调会增加垫的硬度，改变细胞的机械转导，最终导致细胞增殖和基因表达的差异，从而扰乱心脏发育。结果发现，与WT相比，Dp16小鼠DS模型的心内膜缓冲垫的刚度增加趋势不显著。此外，具有21三体的iPSC-CM在增加刚度的底物上培养后，增殖减少，并且在循环机械拉伸后，DS iPSC-CM出现应力纤维，紊乱的肌瘤和成熟心脏标志物的表达减少。然而，与静态条件相比，控制iPSC-CM的循环机械拉伸诱导肌节排列和增加成熟心脏基因表达。这些数据表明，由ECM蛋白上调驱动的组织力学导致Dp16小鼠心内膜垫刚度增加，并且iPSC-CM具有21三体，对刚度和拉伸的变化异常响应，最终为研究DS人群的先天性心脏缺陷提供了一种新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Let’s dance −Postural control in ballroom dance Couples: Differences between Profesfsional and amateur dancers 交际舞舞伴的姿势控制：专业舞者与业余舞者的差异。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113140

Justyna Michalska, Żaneta Szuplak, Kajetan J. Słomka, Grzegorz Juras

Assessing ballroom dancers as a pair rather than as isolated subjects provides a deeper insight into postural control mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate postural sway in ballroom dancers by comparing the male partner, the female partner, and the dance couple in the standard dance position. Seven international standard ballroom dance couples and fourteen amateur dancers with three months of ballroom training participated voluntarily. Postural sway was assessed using two force plates. Subjects assumed a standard dance position preceded by a short dance phase and were instructed to hold the position for 30 s. Each trial was repeated twice. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were calculated for the anterior–posterior and medio–lateral planes, and a two-way mixed-design ANOVA was applied to assess group and positional effects Significant main effects of group (professional vs. amateur dancers) were found for COP parameters in both planes, with professionals showing higher range of COP (ra COP), root mean square of COP (rms COP), and velocity of COP (v COP) values (p ≤ 0.003, η²p = 0.20–0.50).The effect of condition (male, female, pair) was also significant for most COP variables (p ≤ 0.001, η²p = 0.15–0.41), with female dancers demonstrating lower v COP and Sample entropy (SampEn) values compared to males and pairs. No significant group × position interactions were observed in the anterior–posterior plane (p ≥ 0.06), whereas a significant interaction appeared in the medio–lateral plane for SampEn (p = 0.04, η²p = 0.15). Ballroom dance training influences postural sway. The female partner appears to stabilize the couple, while professional couples exhibit less regular COP signals, suggesting greater automation of postural control compared to amateurs.

将交际舞者作为一对而不是作为孤立的对象进行评估，可以更深入地了解姿势控制机制。本研究的目的是评估交际舞者的姿势摇摆，通过比较男性伴侣，女性伴侣和标准舞蹈姿势的舞蹈夫妇。7对国际标准交际舞组合和14名经过3个月交际舞培训的业余舞者自愿参加。用两个测力板评估体位摇摆。受试者在一个短暂的舞蹈阶段之前采取一个标准的舞蹈姿势，并被要求保持这个姿势30秒。每个试验重复两次。计算前后平面和中外侧平面的压力中心（COP）参数，并采用双向混合设计方差分析评估群体效应和位置效应。两个平面的COP参数均存在专业舞蹈演员和业余舞蹈演员的主效应，专业舞蹈演员的COP （ra COP）、COP均方根（rms COP）和COP速度（v COP）值的范围更高（p≤0.003,η2p = 0.20 ~ 0.50）。条件（男性、女性、伴侣）对大多数COP变量的影响也很显著（p≤0.001,η2p = 0.15-0.41），与男性和伴侣相比，女性舞者的v COP和样本熵（SampEn）值更低。SampEn前后平面无显著组位相互作用（p≥0.06），而中外侧平面有显著组位相互作用（p = 0.04, η2p = 0.15）。交际舞训练影响姿势摇摆。女性伴侣似乎稳定了夫妻关系，而职业伴侣则表现出较少的常规COP信号，这表明与业余伴侣相比，他们的姿势控制更自动化。

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引用次数: 0

Transport and deposition of inhalable aerosol drug particles in the human respiratory tract: variations across lung zones and the impact of breath-holding 可吸入气溶胶药物颗粒在人呼吸道的运输和沉积：跨肺区变化和屏气的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113138

Li Mengtao , Wang Yawei , Niu Luoyan , Zhang Haoran , He Dongze , Xi Renhan , Liu Jialong , Fan Yubo

The transport and deposition of drug particles within patient’s respiratory systems played a vital role in determining the therapeutic effectiveness of inhalation therapy. This study focused on transport of inhalable particles to different lung lobes and the influences of breath-holding. An in vitro simulation system including a 3D printed respiratory tract, a respiratory pattern simulator and special-designed particle collectors was built for investigating transport of drug particles to different lung zones. A corresponding computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was also constructed. A transport ratio, ω_T, and a deposition ratio, ω_D, were defined for comparatively studying particles delivered to different lung lobes and deposited to different locations in the respiratory tract. In vitro experimental results revealed significant higher ωT to the left lung (29.1 % ± 4.2 %) compared to the right one (22.1 ± 4.4 %) under normal breathing condition, while ωT to the left upper (14.4 % ± 3.1 %) and left lower lobes were greater (14.6 % ± 2.8 %) than to the right lower lobe (10.5 % ± 3.0 %) than to the right middle and upper lobes (5.7 % ± 1.2 % and 6 % ± 2.0 %, respectively), and these results were in consistent to numerical simulation results. The results also showed that breath-holding increased nasal deposition ω_D by 31–65 %, but had little effects on overall ω_T to different lung lobes. These findings highlighted the role of airway anatomy and airflow dynamics in particles delivery, offering insights for optimizing inhalation therapy by identifying key mechanisms of aerosol transport and deposition.

药物颗粒在患者呼吸系统内的转运和沉积对吸入治疗的疗效起着至关重要的作用。本研究的重点是可吸入颗粒在不同肺叶的转运和屏气的影响。构建了3D打印呼吸道、呼吸模式模拟器和专门设计的颗粒收集器的体外模拟系统，用于研究药物颗粒在不同肺区运输的情况。建立了相应的计算流体力学（CFD）模型。我们定义了转运比ωT和沉积比ωD，用于比较研究颗粒在不同肺叶的传递和在呼吸道不同位置的沉积。体外实验结果显示显著较高的ωT左肺(29.1%±4.2%)相比,正确的呼吸(22.1±4.4%)在正常条件下,虽然ωT左边上层(14.4%±3.1%)和左叶低(14.6%±2.8%)大于右叶(10.5%±3.0%)低于中间和右边上部叶(分别为5.7%±1.2%和6%±2.0%),和这些结果在数值模拟结果一致。结果还表明，屏气使鼻沉积ωD增加31- 65%，但对不同肺叶的总ωT影响不大。这些发现强调了气道解剖和气流动力学在颗粒输送中的作用，通过确定气溶胶运输和沉积的关键机制，为优化吸入治疗提供了见解。

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