Supercritical CO2 With Enzymatic Posttreatment Enhances Mechanical and Biological Properties of Cancellous Bovine Bone Block Grafts

IF 3.9 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI:10.1002/jbm.a.37896
Asrar Elahi, Warwick Duncan, Kai Chun Li, Tanmoy Bhattacharjee, Dawn Coates
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Abstract

Bone loss resulting in large bony defects presents a significant challenge for surgeons. In cases requiring reconstruction, bone “block” grafts that have the key attributes of both physical robustness and biocompatibility are required to facilitate bone healing and regeneration. Current technologies employed for the development of block grafts often result in constructs with suboptimal strength and integration. This study aimed to develop a bovine-derived bone block graft using the process of supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction to maintain mechanical strength and biocompatibility. Bone blocks were prepared from the condyles of bovine femurs. After optimization, the blocks were divided into six groups; Group 1: Raw bone, Group 2: SCF–CO2, Groups 3: SCF–CO2–H2O2, and Group 4: SCF–CO2–H2O2 + Pepsin. Characterization of the constructs included analysis of organic material (thermogravimetric analysis, TGA), crystallinity using x-ray diffraction (XRD), surface topography with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical composition using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mechanical strength was assessed using compression testing, and clinically relevant handling was investigated with a bench-top drill test. Biological testing was carried out in vitro using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The SCF-treated bone blocks showed promising results with enhanced mechanical strength (raw bone [mean = 23.01 8.9 MPa], SCF–CO2–H2O2 [mean = 48.9 ± 11.6 MPa], p < 0.0001) reduced organic content (raw bone = 17.6%, SCF–CO2–H2O2 + Pepsin = 12.4%), and significantly higher hBMSCs' metabolic activity on the SCF–CO2 and SCF–CO2 + H2O2 compared to Bio-Oss at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h (p < 0.05). SEM photomicrographs showed reduced debris in trabecular structures with open pores after SCF–CO2 treatment, especially in SCF–CO2–H2O2 + Pepsin blocks. Moreover, the bench-top clinical handling test demonstrated the ease of block fixation with surgical screws. Overall, the SCF–CO2 and posttreatments of bovine block grafts showed potential for clinical application.

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骨质流失导致的大面积骨缺损给外科医生带来了巨大挑战。在需要重建的病例中,骨 "块 "移植物必须具备物理坚固性和生物相容性这两个关键属性,才能促进骨愈合和再生。目前用于开发块状移植物的技术通常会导致构建物的强度和整合性不够理想。本研究旨在利用超临界流体(SCF)萃取工艺开发牛源骨块移植物,以保持机械强度和生物相容性。骨块取自牛股骨髁。经过优化后,骨块被分为六组:第 1 组:原骨;第 2 组:SCF-CO2;第 3 组:SCF-CO2-H2O2;第 4 组:SCF-CO2-H2O2 + 胃蛋白酶。构建物的表征包括有机材料分析(热重分析,TGA)、X 射线衍射(XRD)结晶度、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表面形貌以及傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)化学成分。通过压缩测试评估了机械强度,并通过台式钻孔测试研究了与临床相关的操作性。利用人体骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)进行了体外生物测试。经 SCF 处理的骨块显示出良好的效果,机械强度得到增强(原始骨 [平均 = 23.01 8.9 MPa],SCF-CO2-H2O2 [平均 = 48.9 ± 11.6 MPa],p < 0.0001),有机物含量降低(原始骨 = 17.6%,SCF-CO2-H2O2 + 胃蛋白酶 = 12.4%),在 24、48、72 和 96 小时内,与 Bio-Oss 相比,SCF-CO2 和 SCF-CO2 + H2O2 上的 hBMSCs 代谢活性明显更高(p <0.05)。扫描电镜显微照片显示,SCF-CO2 处理后,特别是在 SCF-CO2-H2O2 + 胃蛋白酶区块中,具有开放孔隙的小梁结构中的碎屑减少。此外,台式临床操作测试表明,用手术螺钉固定块体非常容易。总之,SCF-CO2 和牛块移植物的后处理显示了临床应用的潜力。
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来源期刊
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 工程技术-材料科学:生物材料
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
2.00%
发文量
135
审稿时长
3.6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A is an international, interdisciplinary, English-language publication of original contributions concerning studies of the preparation, performance, and evaluation of biomaterials; the chemical, physical, toxicological, and mechanical behavior of materials in physiological environments; and the response of blood and tissues to biomaterials. The Journal publishes peer-reviewed articles on all relevant biomaterial topics including the science and technology of alloys,polymers, ceramics, and reprocessed animal and human tissues in surgery,dentistry, artificial organs, and other medical devices. The Journal also publishes articles in interdisciplinary areas such as tissue engineering and controlled release technology where biomaterials play a significant role in the performance of the medical device. The Journal of Biomedical Materials Research is the official journal of the Society for Biomaterials (USA), the Japanese Society for Biomaterials, the Australasian Society for Biomaterials, and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. Articles are welcomed from all scientists. Membership in the Society for Biomaterials is not a prerequisite for submission.
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