Carbonate alkalinity induces stress responses and renal and metabolic disorders in Nile tilapia: mitigation by camel whey protein hydrolysate diet.

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1007/s10695-024-01442-2
Rowida E Ibrahim, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed, Tarek Khamis, Ali Osman, Mohamed M M Metwally, Simon J Davies, Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
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Abstract

Alkaline stress is a major concern in aquaculture that badly affects the aquatic species' health and hemostasis. This research investigated the effect of carbonate alkalinity exposure on the gills and kidney organs as important organs for hemostasis, as well as the ameliorative role of camel protein hydrolysates (CPH) as dietary additives against alkaline stress detrimental impacts in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish (n = 160) were divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4), with the control (G1) fed a basal diet, while G2 was fed a basal diet supplemented with 75 g CPH/kg and was reared in freshwater (carbonate alkalinity of 1.4 µmol/L, pH = 7.19). The G3 and G4 were reared in alkaline water (carbonate alkalinity of 23.8 µmol/L, pH = 8.65) and fed the same diets as G1 and G2 for 30 days, respectively. The fish were stocked under a water temperature of 26.4 ± 1.5 °C, and the diets were introduced to the fish three times daily at a rate of 4% of their body weight. The results of this research showed that alkaline exposure increased kidney function parameters (creatinine, urea, and uric acid), glucose, and cortisol levels in the exposed fish. Alkaline exposure reduced the blood electrolytes level (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride) and branchial antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione) and elevated malondialdehyde level in the exposed fish. Significant downregulation of the branchial expression of Na+/K+ ATPase α-3 subunit (0.17-fold), calcium/calmodulin-dependant protein kinase 1 β (0.23 fold), chloride channel protein 2 (0.38-fold), solute carrier family 12 a 2 (0.33-fold), and solute carrier family 4 a 4 (0.21-fold) was in the fish-reared under carbonate alkalinity stress. Alkaline exposure induced severe histopathological changes in the gills and kidney tissue architecture including inflammatory, circulatory, degenerative, and progressive responses. Supplementation of the Nile tilapia diet with 75 g CPH/kg ameliorated renal function and balanced the blood electrolytes, glucose, and cortisol levels in the alkaline-exposed fish. Modulation of the branchial gene expression profile and improving the gills and kidney microstructure were consequences of feeding on CPH diets during alkaline stress situations. Overall, fortifying the Nile tilapia diets with 75 g CPH/kg helps the fish restore their hemostasis and metabolic status during alkaline stress exposure which enables the sustainable culture of this species in such conditions.

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来源期刊
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 农林科学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
6.90%
发文量
106
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry is an international journal publishing original research papers in all aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of fishes. Coverage includes experimental work in such topics as biochemistry of organisms, organs, tissues and cells; structure of organs, tissues, cells and organelles related to their function; nutritional, osmotic, ionic, respiratory and excretory homeostasis; nerve and muscle physiology; endocrinology; reproductive physiology; energetics; biochemical and physiological effects of toxicants; molecular biology and biotechnology and more.
期刊最新文献
Carbonate alkalinity induces stress responses and renal and metabolic disorders in Nile tilapia: mitigation by camel whey protein hydrolysate diet. Effects of pyrimidine on cellular and neuronal arrangement, oxidative stress and energy content in the brain of the freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Development of colloidal gold test strip based on the BsVg819 gene fragment of vitellogenin of Bostrichthys sinensis for the detection of vitellogenin in multiple fish species. Correction to: Dietary l‑carnitine supplementation recovers the hepatic damage induced by high‑fat diet in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) via activation of Nrf2/Keap pathway and inhibition of pro‑inflammatory cytokine. Biochemical properties of molybdenum cofactor isolated from fish liver.
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