A scoping review on the current state of sex- and gender-based analysis (SGBA) in standing balance research

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Gait & posture Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.001
Jackson Lordall , Sunny Bui , Alexa Koupantsis , Topaza Yu , Joel L. Lanovaz , Erin J. Prosser-Loose , Todd G. Morrison , Alison R. Oates
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Abstract

Background

Understanding sex and gender differences in standing balance is challenged by varied use of terminology and definitions. In addition, the use of sex- and gender-based analyses (SGBA) in standing balance research is unknown. This scoping review examined the frequency and type of SGBA, and the use of sex- and gender-based terminology in standing balance research published in the year 2020.

Methods

Eight databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles that quantitatively measured standing balance in adult humans using a biomechanical construct and were published in 2020. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and extracted data with a third reviewer resolving conflicts. In accordance with sex and gender equity in research (SAGER) guidelines, data extraction focused on participant demographics, inclusion and type of SGBA, consistency of sex and gender terminology, alignment with operational definitions (e.g., female used to describe sex), and sex and gender data collection methods. Absolute and relative values across all articles and within collaboratively created categories of participant groups were calculated.

Results

Of the 366 articles in the analysis, 20 % included sex and/or gender in the statistical analyses of which 50 % conducted SGBA. Consistent terminology aligned with this study’s definitions of sex and gender was found in 12 % of all articles, whereas 40 % used labels consistently without assigning them to sex or gender, ∼20 % used inconsistent or unaligned terminology, and 7 % did not report sex or gender. No articles included more than two options for sex or gender, and very few included self-reporting by participants (3 % for sex, 1 % for gender) or clearly described how sex (3 %) or gender (1 %) data were collected.

Conclusions

Small changes to the collection and reporting of sex and gender, and more SGBA in standing balance research could drastically improve the inclusivity and accuracy of standing balance assessment in research and clinical settings.
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来源期刊
Gait & posture
Gait & posture 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
12.50%
发文量
616
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Gait & Posture is a vehicle for the publication of up-to-date basic and clinical research on all aspects of locomotion and balance. The topics covered include: Techniques for the measurement of gait and posture, and the standardization of results presentation; Studies of normal and pathological gait; Treatment of gait and postural abnormalities; Biomechanical and theoretical approaches to gait and posture; Mathematical models of joint and muscle mechanics; Neurological and musculoskeletal function in gait and posture; The evolution of upright posture and bipedal locomotion; Adaptations of carrying loads, walking on uneven surfaces, climbing stairs etc; spinal biomechanics only if they are directly related to gait and/or posture and are of general interest to our readers; The effect of aging and development on gait and posture; Psychological and cultural aspects of gait; Patient education.
期刊最新文献
Comparison of balance performance, gait, foot function, lower extremity biomechanical alignment and muscle strength in individuals with unilateral and bilateral plantar fasciitis Corrigendum to “Effects of short foot exercise combined with lower extremity training on dynamic foot function in individuals with flexible flatfoot: A randomized controlled trial” [Gait & Posture 104 (2023) 109–115/doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.013. Epub 2023 Jun 22] To see or not to see: Does foot visualization in immersive virtual reality influence gait parameters of youths with neuromotor impairments when performing walking-related activities? A scoping review on the current state of sex- and gender-based analysis (SGBA) in standing balance research Corrigendum to figure legend in “The effect of prosthetic alignment on lower limb kinetics in people with a transtibial bone-anchored prosthesis: An experimental within-subject study” [Gait Posture 117 (2025) 274–282]
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