{"title":"Photocatalytic single electron reduction of CO2 into carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2·−): Generation, detection and chemical utilization","authors":"Pratibha Saini , Krishan Kumar , Surendra Saini , Mukul Sethi , Priyanka Meena , Aditya Gurjar , Wolfgang Weigand , Vijay Parewa","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> is a crucial area of research aimed at addressing the dual challenges of mitigating rising CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and producing sustainable chemical feedstocks. While multielectron reduction pathways for CO<sub>2</sub> are well explored, the single electron reduction to produce the highly reactive carbon dioxide radical anion (CO<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup>) remains challenging yet promising for green organic transformations. This review contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, materials, and reaction pathways involved in CO<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup> generation, focusing on the use of visible-light-driven photocatalytic materials to circumvent the need for high-energy ultraviolet irradiation. Through a systematic examination of CO<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup> production, detection methods, and chemical utilization in photocatalytic carboxylation reactions, this review advances understanding of the chemistry of CO<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup> and its applications in sustainable chemical synthesis. In addition, it highlights existing key challenges, such as redox potential limitations, and proposes strategies for scaling up photocatalytic systems to enable practical application. By illuminating the pathway to effectively photocatalyze CO<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup> generation and its transformative potential in sustainable chemical synthesis, this review equips scientists with critical insights and strategic approaches for overcoming current limitations, driving innovation in photocatalytic materials for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 525-559"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095495625001536","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Energy","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a crucial area of research aimed at addressing the dual challenges of mitigating rising CO2 emissions and producing sustainable chemical feedstocks. While multielectron reduction pathways for CO2 are well explored, the single electron reduction to produce the highly reactive carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2·−) remains challenging yet promising for green organic transformations. This review contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, materials, and reaction pathways involved in CO2·− generation, focusing on the use of visible-light-driven photocatalytic materials to circumvent the need for high-energy ultraviolet irradiation. Through a systematic examination of CO2·− production, detection methods, and chemical utilization in photocatalytic carboxylation reactions, this review advances understanding of the chemistry of CO2·− and its applications in sustainable chemical synthesis. In addition, it highlights existing key challenges, such as redox potential limitations, and proposes strategies for scaling up photocatalytic systems to enable practical application. By illuminating the pathway to effectively photocatalyze CO2·− generation and its transformative potential in sustainable chemical synthesis, this review equips scientists with critical insights and strategic approaches for overcoming current limitations, driving innovation in photocatalytic materials for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Energy Chemistry, the official publication of Science Press and the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, serves as a platform for reporting creative research and innovative applications in energy chemistry. It mainly reports on creative researches and innovative applications of chemical conversions of fossil energy, carbon dioxide, electrochemical energy and hydrogen energy, as well as the conversions of biomass and solar energy related with chemical issues to promote academic exchanges in the field of energy chemistry and to accelerate the exploration, research and development of energy science and technologies.
This journal focuses on original research papers covering various topics within energy chemistry worldwide, including:
Optimized utilization of fossil energy
Hydrogen energy
Conversion and storage of electrochemical energy
Capture, storage, and chemical conversion of carbon dioxide
Materials and nanotechnologies for energy conversion and storage
Chemistry in biomass conversion
Chemistry in the utilization of solar energy