The Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cancer and Therapeutic Strategies.

IF 4.6 3区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI:10.1007/s13668-025-00639-y

Dong Yan, Yingshan Hou, Xinyi Lei, Hao Xiao, Zhaoyang Zeng, Wei Xiong, Chunmei Fan

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Cancer is a disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with dietary lipids being a significant contributing factor. This review summarizes the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development, and elucidate the role of PUFAs in tumor treatment.

Recent findings: PUFAs exert their impact on cancer through altering lipid composition in cell membranes, interacting with cell membrane lipid receptors, directly modulating gene expression in the cell nucleus, and participating in the metabolism of lipid mediators. Most omega-3 PUFAs are believed to inhibit cell proliferation, promote cancer cell death, suppress cancer metastasis, alter energy metabolism, inhibit tumor microenvironment inflammation, and regulate immune responses involving macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and others. However, certain omega-6 PUFAs exhibit weaker anti-tumor effects and may even promote tumor development, such as by fostering inflammatory tumor microenvironment and enhancing tumor cell proliferation. PUFAs play important roles in hallmarks of cancer including tumor cell proliferation, cell death, migration and invasion, energy metabolism remodeling, epigenetics, and immunity. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of cancer development and offers options for dietary management of cancer.

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审查目的：癌症是一种受遗传和环境因素影响的疾病，其中膳食脂质是一个重要的致病因素。本综述总结了多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）在肿瘤发生和发展机制中的作用，并阐明了多不饱和脂肪酸在肿瘤治疗中的作用：多不饱和脂肪酸通过改变细胞膜的脂质组成、与细胞膜脂质受体相互作用、直接调节细胞核中的基因表达以及参与脂质介质的代谢等途径对癌症产生影响。大多数ω-3 PUFAs 被认为可以抑制细胞增殖、促进癌细胞死亡、抑制癌症转移、改变能量代谢、抑制肿瘤微环境炎症反应，以及调节涉及巨噬细胞、T 细胞、NK 细胞等的免疫反应。然而，某些ω-6 PUFAs 的抗肿瘤作用较弱，甚至可能促进肿瘤的发展，例如通过促进肿瘤微环境的炎症反应和增强肿瘤细胞的增殖。PUFAs 在肿瘤标志物中发挥着重要作用，包括肿瘤细胞增殖、细胞死亡、迁移和侵袭、能量代谢重塑、表观遗传学和免疫。这些发现有助于人们深入了解癌症的发病机制，并为癌症的饮食治疗提供了选择。

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来源期刊

Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.