Adherence to diabetes risk reduction diet is associated with metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrition Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI:10.1186/s12937-025-01111-x

Ani Grigorian, Zahra Moradmand, Saeideh Mirzaei, Ali Asadi, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Parvane Saneei

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Abstract

Background: Insufficient evidence exists regarding the relationship between diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and metabolic health status in adolescents. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between DRRD and metabolic health status in Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 203 overweight/obese adolescents. Dietary intakes were evaluated using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. The following parameters were measured: blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. Participants were classified to metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO), based on 2 methods: International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and a combination of IDF and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Results: Based on IDF criteria, highest vs. lowest adherence to DRRD was associated with a lower odds of having an MUO phenotype in both crude (OR = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.02-0.12) and fully adjusted model (OR = 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02-0.20). Based on IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, similar findings were obtained. This relationship was significant in both genders and was especially significant among adolescents with obesity. In both crude and fully adjusted model, adherence to DRRD was significantly lower the likelihood of having high fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR.

Conclusion: Adolescents who adhered more strictly to DRRD were less likely to be MUO, and have high fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR. Additional large-scale prospective studies are necessary to affirm these results.

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背景：关于降低糖尿病风险饮食（DRRD）与青少年代谢健康状况之间关系的证据不足。本研究旨在调查伊朗超重/肥胖青少年的降糖饮食与代谢健康状况之间的关系：在这项横断面研究中，采用多阶段群组随机抽样法选取了 203 名超重/肥胖青少年。采用经过验证的 147 项食物频率问卷对饮食摄入量进行了评估。测量了以下参数：血压、人体测量指数、空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂概况。根据两种方法将参与者分为代谢健康的超重/肥胖（MHO）和代谢不健康的超重/肥胖（MUO）：结果：根据国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）的标准，以及结合国际糖尿病联盟和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）的方法，对代谢健康的超重/肥胖（MHO）和代谢不健康的超重/肥胖（MUO）进行了分类：结果：根据 IDF 标准，在粗略模型（OR = 0.05；95%CI：0.02-0.12）和完全调整模型（OR = 0.06；95%CI：0.02-0.20）中，DRRD 依从性最高与最低与 MUO 表型几率较低相关。根据 IDF/HOMA-IR 标准也得出了类似的结果。这种关系在男女两性中都很显著，在肥胖青少年中尤为明显。在粗略模型和完全调整模型中，遵守 DRRD 可显著降低空腹血糖、甘油三酯和 HOMA-IR 偏高的可能性：结论：更严格遵守 DRRD 的青少年出现 MUO 以及空腹血糖、甘油三酯和 HOMA-IR 偏高的可能性较低。有必要进行更多大规模的前瞻性研究来确认这些结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.