Challenges in selecting edible coating materials for fruit postharvest preservation and recent advances in edible coating techniques: a review

Abstract

Fruits are a vital component of a healthy diet, offering essential nutrients and appealing sensory attributes. However, their high perishability leads to significant postharvest losses, which are influenced by factors such as physiological changes, microbial spoilage, and inadequate handling practices. These losses not only reduce fruit quality and marketability but also contribute to increased food waste. Edible coatings have emerged as a promising solution to extend shelf life by forming a protective barrier that reduces moisture loss and prevents microbial spoilage. Despite considerable research into edible coatings, there remains a notable gap in understanding the challenges related to material selection, safety, and scalability. This study critically reviews these challenges and highlights recent advancements in coating technologies. By examining material compatibility, safety concerns, and commercial scalability, the study aims to optimize edible coatings for more sustainable and efficient postharvest fruit preservation.