Metallic contaminants in foodstuff consumed in Algeria and associated health risks: A systematic review

Abstract

Introduction

For decades, metallic trace elements contamination in food has posed a significant public health risk, as these metals accumulate in the body, affecting food safety and human health. This review examines the toxicity of trace elements in foodstuffs, focusing on their contamination sources and the associated health risks.

Methodology

Keywords such as Algeria, Food, Beverages, trace elements, and Metallic Contaminants were used to search related databases.

Results and discussion

A total of 22 original articles were reviewed. Data showed that trace elements were recorded in foodstuffs, which were related to geographic location (proximity to mining, industrial or highway areas), use of pesticides, and techniques in food processing. In adults, Targeted Hazard Quotient (THQ) values exceeded 1 for lead in raw cow milk, aluminum in coffee beans and packaged coffee, cadmium and aluminum in coffee capsules, and lead in fruits and vegetables. The Hazard Index (HI) was above 1 for raw cow milk, coffee, and fruits and vegetables. For infants, THQ values also exceeded 1 for raw cow milk, poultry eggs, honey, and food dyes, with elevated HI values for these items as well. These results suggest potential adverse health effects of trace elements exposure from consuming these foodstuffs.

Conclusion

It is crucial to regularly update data and conduct ongoing monitoring to assess the impact of trace elements in future research. Additionally, continued investigation into the long-term health effects of chronic low-level trace elements exposure will be vital for creating more precise mitigation strategies and regulatory policies to reduce metallic contamination in food.