Humoral immune response characteristics of vulnerable populations against SARS-CoV-2 strains EG.5 and JN.1 after infection with strains BA.5 and XBB

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1007/s00705-025-06248-y

Huan Zhang, Shi Ouyang, Yunyun Qu, Zhuolin Li, Yushan Jiang, Tingting Peng, Guangyan Yang, Tao Chen, Baisheng Li, Chenguang Shen, Wei Zhao

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Abstract

In this study, we compared the humoral immune characteristics of children, elderly individuals, and pregnant women in Guangzhou, China, who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 strains BA.5 and XBB against the currently predominant strains EG.5 and JN.1. It was discovered that the neutralizing antibody titers in children, elderly individuals, and pregnant women against strains EG.5 and JN.1 were low in individuals who had been infected with strain BA.5, irrespective of their vaccination status. There was a significant positive correlation between the neutralization titers against JN.1 and EG.5 in both the acute and convalescent phases of BA.5 infection. For XBB-infected patients, the sera in the acute stage exhibited a low neutralizing titer against EG.5 and JN.1, whereas the convalescent sera demonstrated a significantly higher neutralizing titer against the two viruses, particularly in infected individuals who had been vaccinated. For XBB-infected patients, there was a strong positive correlation between the serum neutralizing antibody titers against EG.5 and JN.1 in both the acute and recovery phases. This finding provides crucial information for judging the epidemic trend of COVID-19 and the development of vaccines, especially for developing customized vaccines and immune strategies for different populations.

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在这项研究中，我们比较了中国广州儿童、老人和孕妇感染 SARS-CoV-2 株 BA.5 和 XBB 后与目前主要的株 EG.5 和 JN.1 的体液免疫特征。研究发现，无论接种疫苗与否，儿童、老人和孕妇体内针对 EG.5 株和 JN.1 株的中和抗体滴度均低于 BA.5 株感染者。在 BA.5 感染的急性期和恢复期，JN.1 和 EG.5 的中和滴度之间存在明显的正相关。对于XBB感染者，急性期血清对EG.5和JN.1的中和滴度较低，而恢复期血清对这两种病毒的中和滴度明显较高，尤其是在接种过疫苗的感染者中。对于 XBB 感染者，在急性期和恢复期，血清中针对 EG.5 和 JN.1 的中和抗体滴度之间都存在很强的正相关性。这一发现为判断 COVID-19 的流行趋势和疫苗开发提供了重要信息，特别是为不同人群开发定制疫苗和免疫策略提供了重要信息。

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来源期刊

Archives of Virology 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

7.40%

发文量

324

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： Archives of Virology publishes original contributions from all branches of research on viruses, virus-like agents, and virus infections of humans, animals, plants, insects, and bacteria. Coverage spans a broad spectrum of topics, from descriptions of newly discovered viruses, to studies of virus structure, composition, and genetics, to studies of virus interactions with host cells, organisms and populations. Studies employ molecular biologic, molecular genetics, and current immunologic and epidemiologic approaches. Contents include studies on the molecular pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and genetics of virus infections in individual hosts, and studies on the molecular epidemiology of virus infections in populations. Also included are studies involving applied research such as diagnostic technology development, monoclonal antibody panel development, vaccine development, and antiviral drug development.Archives of Virology wishes to publish obituaries of recently deceased well-known virologists and leading figures in virology.