Self-Care Management and Its Predictors Among Jordanian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 2 Q2 NURSING SAGE Open Nursing Pub Date : 2025-03-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1177/23779608251322603

Aziza Salem, Arwa Masadeh, Basema Nofal, Elham Othman, Ali M Saleh, Muhammad W Darawad

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Abstract

Background: Self-care management (SCM) is a cornerstone in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), as it has a positive impact on glycemic control.

Aims: To investigate the level, specific practices, correlates, and predictors of SCM practices among Jordanian adult patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1).

Methodology: Using an online self-report questionnaire, a convenience sample of 127 DM type 1 patients were recruited who agreed to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire had four sections; demographics, the diabetes self-efficacy scale (DSES), the appraisal of self-care agency scale-revised (ASAR-R), and the Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS).

Results: The mean score of the total Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS) of patients was 204.16 (SD = 40.35, range = 97-299). We found that SCM practices differed between patients according to their characteristics; the SCM-Activity and SCM-Food differed according to gender, educational level, and income. Furthermore, there were significant negative relationships between the duration of being diagnosed with DM and SCM-activity, and between BMI and each of SCM-Blood glucose monitoring and SCM-adherence to the medication regimen. Lastly, sequential regression showed that income, self-efficacy (SE), and self-care agency (SCA) were significant predictors of SCM.

Conclusions: Patients with DM type 1 exhibit different levels of SCM according to their personal and clinical characteristics. Tailored health education plans should be provided to patients according to their risk factors for low SCM practices.

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