The Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis revisited: contrasting latitudinal richness gradients in actively vs. passively accumulated interaction partners of honey bees.

IF 2.3 Q2 ECOLOGY BMC ecology and evolution Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI:10.1186/s12862-025-02363-1
Alyssa R Cirtwill, Tomas Roslin, Pablo Peña-Aguilera, Agathe Agboto, William Bercê, Svetlana N Bondarchuk, Robert Brodschneider, Behzad Heidari, Camara Kaizirege, Justine Muhoro Nyaga, Ojonugwa Ekpah, Gonzalo Ossa Gomez, Claudia Paz, Christian Pirk, Amir Salehi-Najafabadi, Anneli Salonen, Chantal Soloniaina, Helena Wirta
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Abstract

Background: Contrasting hypotheses suggest that the number of biotic interactions per species could either increase towards the equator due to the increasing richness of potential interaction partners (Neutral theory), or decrease in the tropics due to increased biotic competition (Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis). Empirical testing of these hypotheses remains limited due to practical limitations, differences in methodology, and species turnover across latitudes. Here, we focus on a single species with a worldwide distribution, the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), to assess how the number of different types of interactions vary across latitudes. Foraging honey bees interact with many organisms in their local environment, including plants they actively select to visit and microbes that they largely encounter passively (i.e., unintentionally and more or less randomly). Tissue pieces and spores of these organisms are carried to the hive by foraging honey bees and end up preserved within honey, providing a rich record of the species honey bees encounter in nature.

Results: Using honey samples from around the globe, we show that while honey bees visit more plant taxa at higher latitudes, they encounter more bacteria in the tropics.

Conclusions: These different components of honey bees' biotic niche support the latitudinal biotic interaction hypothesis for actively-chosen interactions, but are more consistent with neutral theory (assuming greater bacterial richness in the tropics) for unintentional interactions.

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再论纬度生物相互作用假说:蜜蜂主动与被动积累的相互作用伙伴的纬度丰富性梯度对比。
背景:有两种截然不同的假说认为,由于潜在相互作用伙伴的丰富性不断增加,每个物种的生物相互作用次数可能会向赤道方向增加(中性理论),或者由于生物竞争加剧,热带地区的生物相互作用次数可能会减少(纬度生物相互作用假说)。由于实际情况的限制、方法的不同以及不同纬度物种的更替,对这些假说的实证检验仍然有限。在此,我们将重点放在蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)这一分布于全球的单一物种上,以评估不同纬度地区不同类型相互作用的数量是如何变化的。觅食的蜜蜂会与当地环境中的许多生物发生相互作用,包括它们主动选择访问的植物和它们基本上是被动(即无意和或多或少随机)遇到的微生物。这些生物的组织碎片和孢子被觅食的蜜蜂带到蜂巢,最后保存在蜂蜜中,为蜜蜂在自然界中遇到的物种提供了丰富的记录:利用全球各地的蜂蜜样本,我们发现蜜蜂在高纬度地区会接触到更多的植物分类群,而在热带地区则会接触到更多的细菌:结论:蜜蜂生物生态位的这些不同组成部分支持纬度生物相互作用假说中主动选择的相互作用,但更符合中性理论(假设热带地区细菌更丰富)中无意的相互作用。
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