{"title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles and sage (Salvia officinalis) essential oil as active components of alginate films for food packaging","authors":"Jolanta Kowalonek , Natalia Stachowiak‒Trojanowska , Zuzanna Cieciurska , Agnieszka Richert","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111328","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antioxidant and antibacterial packaging based on natural polymers have been the subject of interest in recent years. Such functional materials aim to prolong food's shelf life and reduce food waste. Therefore, alginate films enriched with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and sage essential oil (SEO) were obtained. ZnONPs were produced by means of green synthesis using tansy (<em>Tanacetum vulgare</em>) extract. XRD and SEM results proved the formation of inorganic nanoparticles, whose sizes were about 16 nm and shape was oval. The structure, mechanical properties, moisture content, water vapor transmission rate, and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the biopolymeric films with ZnONPs and/or SEO were investigated. ATR-FTIR spectra showed a lack of interactions between polymeric film components. SEM images exhibited uniform distribution of ZnONPs in the alginate film, while SEO formed an emulsion with this biopolymer. Alginate film with both additives exhibited higher values of tensile strength (7.76 ± 0.75 MPa) and elongation at the break (64.98 ± 2.27 %), lower moisture content (19.61 ± 0.20 %), better barrier properties (257.50 ± 4 g•m<sup>‒2</sup>•day<sup>‒1</sup>), and enhanced antioxidant (91.64 ± 3.62 μmol Trolox/100 <em>g</em>) and antibacterial properties compared to alginate films with ZnONPs or SEO separately. Combining ZnONPs and SEO was advantageous due to the meaningful synergistic effect, which is especially pronounced in the enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial features. Such properties are highly needed in the case of active food packaging. Improved properties of the modified alginate film made it suitable for packing applications for fruits and vegetables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 111328"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391025001582","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Antioxidant and antibacterial packaging based on natural polymers have been the subject of interest in recent years. Such functional materials aim to prolong food's shelf life and reduce food waste. Therefore, alginate films enriched with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and sage essential oil (SEO) were obtained. ZnONPs were produced by means of green synthesis using tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) extract. XRD and SEM results proved the formation of inorganic nanoparticles, whose sizes were about 16 nm and shape was oval. The structure, mechanical properties, moisture content, water vapor transmission rate, and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the biopolymeric films with ZnONPs and/or SEO were investigated. ATR-FTIR spectra showed a lack of interactions between polymeric film components. SEM images exhibited uniform distribution of ZnONPs in the alginate film, while SEO formed an emulsion with this biopolymer. Alginate film with both additives exhibited higher values of tensile strength (7.76 ± 0.75 MPa) and elongation at the break (64.98 ± 2.27 %), lower moisture content (19.61 ± 0.20 %), better barrier properties (257.50 ± 4 g•m‒2•day‒1), and enhanced antioxidant (91.64 ± 3.62 μmol Trolox/100 g) and antibacterial properties compared to alginate films with ZnONPs or SEO separately. Combining ZnONPs and SEO was advantageous due to the meaningful synergistic effect, which is especially pronounced in the enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial features. Such properties are highly needed in the case of active food packaging. Improved properties of the modified alginate film made it suitable for packing applications for fruits and vegetables.
期刊介绍：
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.
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