State of multi-morbidity among adults in Cape Verde: findings from the 2020 WHO STEPS non-communicable disease survey.

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with multi-morbidity in Cape Verde, where healthcare systems are traditionally focused on single diseases.

Methods: Multi-morbidity was defined as having two or more conditions (i.e. hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity). We analyzed the data of 1781 adults aged 18-69 who participated in the 2020 WHO STEPS survey. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results: Overall, 17.9% of adults (95% confidence interval: 15.5-20.6) lived with multi-morbidity. Hypertension was more prevalent in men (37.2%), while diabetes and overweight/obesity were higher in women, at 5% and 57.4%, respectively. Rural residents had a higher prevalence of hypertension (30.6%), but urban areas showed greater rates of diabetes (4.4%) and overweight/obesity (50.7%). Women had 28% lower odds of multi-morbidity. Individuals aged 60 years and older showed higher odds of multi-morbidity. Participants with tertiary education and current smokers had significantly lower odds of multi-morbidity, while married individuals and urban residents exhibited higher odds.

Conclusion: Older age, being married, and living in urban areas were associated with higher odds of multi-morbidity, while higher education and being a woman exhibited protective effects. These results underscore the need for a comprehensive approach in Cape Verde's healthcare system to address the growing burden of multi-morbidity.