Compatibility of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Healthy Diet Indicator in the Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Older Adults: A Community-Based Study.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility between the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), a validated tool for screening for malnutrition among older adults, and the Healthy Diet Indicator-2015 (HDI-2015), a diet quality index, to investigate their relationship in assessing nutritional status.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 6094 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older. The MNA was administered to assess the nutritional status, and the adherence to the World Health Organization's HDI-2015 was determined based on 24-hour dietary recalls.

Results: According to the MNA, 70.4% of older adults had a normal nutritional status, 27.6% had a risk of malnutrition, and 2.0% were malnourished. Advanced age, female sex, poor appetite, difficulty chewing and swallowing, consistently skipping meals, and not exercising regularly were significantly associated with the rate of malnutrition in older adults (p < 0.001). Only 3.8% of older adults demonstrated high adherence to the HDI-2015, whereas 27.0% demonstrated moderate adherence and 69.2% demonstrated low adherence. The rate of malnutrition was higher in older adults who demonstrated low adherence to the HDI-2015 (p < 0.001). A weak positive correlation was found between the MNA and the HDI-2015 (r = 0.119; p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Even if older adults living in the community have a normal nutritional status according to the MNA, periodically obtaining dietary recalls to assess diet quality, such as using HDI-2015, is important for developing personalized nutrition plans.