A comparative study of natural or artificial feed on physiological health and gut microbiota in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Aquaculture International Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI:10.1007/s10499-025-01923-y

Wei Fang, Xiangjun Leng, Biao Yun, Lei Wang, Xueqiao Qian

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Abstract

Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) aquaculture faces sustainability challenges due to its reliance on live prey fish. Although artificial feed (AF) has ecological and economic advantages, the effects of artificial feed on physiological health and gut microbiota in mandarin fish are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of AF on the digestive enzymes, antioxidative capacity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota in mandarin fish. Healthy and same-sized juvenile mandarin fish (average weight, 25.1 ± 0.1 g) were randomly divided into eight experimental cages (300 L) in quadruplicate (40 fish per cage). The fish in the control group were fed with Indian mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) with 17.2% wet-weight protein and 4.3% wet-weight lipid, while the fish in the AF group were supplied with an artificial diet. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that the activities of digestive enzymes were 66–193% higher in the AF group compared with the control group. Artificial diet increased the content of malondialdehyde in the intestine of mandarin fish by 85%. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of ER stress-related genes, including X-box binding protein 1 (xbp1) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (chop), were 63–79% higher in the AF group compared with the control group. Regarding cytokine expression, the mRNA levels of interleukin-8 (il-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) were 62–418% higher in the AF group. In addition, artificial feed enhanced the α-diversity of the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Lactococcus in the intestine was higher in the AF group. In conclusion, artificial feed enhanced the activities of digestive enzymes and the stability of the intestinal microecosystem while simultaneously inducing oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation in the intestine of mandarin fish. Thus, feed additives with antioxidant and immune-enhancing functions may be used in the process of artificial feed replacing live prey fish. This study provided theoretical guidance for the improvement of mandarin fish artificial feed.

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天然饲料与人工饲料对鳜鱼生理健康及肠道菌群的比较研究

鳜鱼（sininiperca chuatsi）水产养殖面临可持续性挑战，因为它依赖于活的猎物鱼。尽管人工饲料具有生态和经济优势，但人工饲料对鳜鱼生理健康和肠道菌群的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨AF对鳜鱼消化酶、抗氧化能力、内质网应激、炎症和肠道菌群的影响。选取健康、体型相同（平均体重25.1±0.1 g）的鳜鱼幼鱼，随机分为8个实验笼（300 L），每笼40尾。对照组饲喂湿重蛋白含量为17.2%、脂肪含量为4.3%的印度鲤鱼（Cirrhinus mrigala）， AF组饲喂人工饲料。人工喂鱼至饱腹8周。结果表明，AF组消化酶活性较对照组提高66 ~ 193%。人工饲料使鳜鱼肠道丙二醛含量提高85%。此外，与对照组相比，AF组内质网应激相关基因，包括X-box结合蛋白1 （xbp1）和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白（chop）的mRNA水平升高了63-79%。细胞因子表达方面，AF组白细胞介素-8 （il-8）和肿瘤坏死因子α (tnfα) mRNA水平升高62-418%。此外，人工饲料提高了肠道菌群α-多样性。AF组肠内乳球菌的相对丰度较高。综上所述，人工饲料提高了鳜鱼肠道消化酶活性和肠道微生态系统稳定性，同时诱导了鳜鱼肠道氧化应激、内质网应激和炎症反应。因此，具有抗氧化和免疫增强功能的饲料添加剂可用于人工饲料替代活食饵鱼。本研究为鳜鱼人工饲料的改良提供了理论指导。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Aquaculture International 农林科学-渔业

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

6.90%

发文量

204

审稿时长

1.0 months

期刊介绍： Aquaculture International is an international journal publishing original research papers, short communications, technical notes and review papers on all aspects of aquaculture. The Journal covers topics such as the biology, physiology, pathology and genetics of cultured fish, crustaceans, molluscs and plants, especially new species; water quality of supply systems, fluctuations in water quality within farms and the environmental impacts of aquacultural operations; nutrition, feeding and stocking practices, especially as they affect the health and growth rates of cultured species; sustainable production techniques; bioengineering studies on the design and management of offshore and land-based systems; the improvement of quality and marketing of farmed products; sociological and societal impacts of aquaculture, and more. This is the official Journal of the European Aquaculture Society.