Tensile creep of Norway spruce on the tissue scale

IF 2.1 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI:10.1007/s11043-025-09772-1

Alessia Ferrara, Falk K. Wittel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The rheological behavior of wood emerges from complex mechanical interactions occurring across multiple length scales. This behavior is characterized by directional dependence, as well as sensitivity to moisture content, loading time, and the degree of loading. This study focuses on the viscoelastic creep response of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tissues under different moisture levels and loading degrees. Using a custom-designed, fully automated test rack with moisture control, we investigate the uniaxial, moisture-dependent creep compliances across all feasible anatomical directions, as well as of isolated earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) slices to understand their contribution to the cumulative behavior of the growth ring. The creep response is compared to the moisture dependence of the elastic compliance, revealing nontrivial scaling behavior as a function of moisture content. The results show significant directional dependencies and reveal the critical impact of moisture on deformation mechanisms. The transverse directions involve a complex interaction between bending, determining a more compliant and moisture-sensitive creep response, and cell wall stretching in the softest direction compared to loading in grain. These findings offer valuable insights into the moisture-dependent creep mechanisms of wood slices, highlighting the importance of exploring different orientations and tissues at various moisture content to fully understand the creep behavior at the bulk scale.

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来源期刊

Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials accepts contributions dealing with the time-dependent mechanical properties of solid polymers, metals, ceramics, concrete, wood, or their composites. It is recognized that certain materials can be in the melt state as function of temperature and/or pressure. Contributions concerned with fundamental issues relating to processing and melt-to-solid transition behaviour are welcome, as are contributions addressing time-dependent failure and fracture phenomena. Manuscripts addressing environmental issues will be considered if they relate to time-dependent mechanical properties. The journal promotes the transfer of knowledge between various disciplines that deal with the properties of time-dependent solid materials but approach these from different angles. Among these disciplines are: Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Rheology, Materials Science, Polymer Physics, Design, and others.