Drivers and barriers to bus electrification in the United States: Transit agency’s perspective

Abstract

Battery-electric bus (BEB) technology has advanced, and many transit agencies globally are adopting it as a sustainable alternative. Despite setting zero-emission goals, several barriers hinder the widespread adoption of BEBs. This study examines these obstacles and the motivations for agencies to transition to BEBs. Through interviews with transit agency leaders who manage BEB programs, researchers identified the most significant barriers and drivers influencing electrification decisions. The primary challenge remains the high initial costs associated with purchasing BEBs and their required infrastructure. Agencies also raised concerns about the operational capabilities of BEBs in comparison to traditional diesel buses. Despite these challenges, the environmental benefits of BEBs are the major motivating factor. The interviewed agencies are at varying stages of implementing BEB technology, influenced by local conditions and funding opportunities. Policymakers and industry leaders are encouraged to understand and address these barriers to support agencies in meeting both environmental and service objectives.