Investigation on electrochemical sensing behavior of hydrogen peroxide using tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) plays a vital role in various aspects of daily life, such as food, health, and the environment. Foods containing excessive quantities of H₂O₂ residue may have harmful impacts on human health. In this work, tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO₂NPs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and subsequently characterized using an X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). An electrochemical sensor for analyzing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was developed by immobilizing tin dioxide nanoparticles onto a graphite electrode (SnO₂/GE). The electrocatalytic behavior of the developed electrochemical sensor was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results indicated that the SnO₂/GE exhibits notable electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction capabilities for detecting and quantifying H₂O₂. The DPV technique determined parameters included linear range of 1–5 μM, a detection limit is 0.196 μM, and a qualification limit is 2.38 μM for the reduction peak with correlation coefficient R² is 0.98. The stability of the sensor is measured for five days and has 98.7% of stability. The highest current is measured at pH 7. The developed sensor was successfully used to detect trace levels of H₂O₂.