Continuous nasogastric administration of activated charcoal for the treatment of theophylline intoxication.

Abstract

Two adolescents with serum theophylline concentrations in excess of 100 mg/L were treated with continuous nasogastric infusion of activated charcoal after an intentional overdose. In both cases, nasogastric boluses of 20 to 50 gm of charcoal resulted in prompt emesis of stomach contents despite the presence of a functional nasogastric tube. For nasogastric infusion, activated charcoal was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride and infused at a rate of 0.25 to 0.5 gm/kg/hr up to a maximal rate of 50 gm/hr. Despite the high initial serum concentrations, the theophylline elimination half-lives during the first 20 hours after the start of charcoal were 7.7 and 13.5 hours. Subsequently, this decreased to 2.6 and 3.2 hours. No serious neurologic, cardiovascular, or metabolic derangements were observed. Continuous nasogastric infusions of activated charcoal may be safe and effective alternatives to charcoal hemoperfusion in patients with theophylline overdose.