The beta-carbolines (harmanes) - a new class of endogenous compounds: their relevance for the pathogenesis and treatment of psychiatric and neurological diseases.

Abstract

Summary Research in neurochemistry is occupied with attempting to discover the mechanisms of the transfer of information by neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). In this context certain derivatives of the biogenie amines have come under increased scrutiny. Especially their relevance for pathological processes plays a major role in this discussion. In principle such derivatives may elicit or exacerbate abnor mal reactions. On the other hand they may act as protective substances.Thepresent review deals mainly with the ß-{;arbolines which are derivatives of indolealkylamines (e.g. serotonin, trypt amine). These substances can be found in several organs of humans and animals. Their possible significance for schizo phrenie psychoses, depressive illnesses, behavioural changes following alcohol consumption and withdrawal delirium as weil as for Morbus Parkinson is discussed. Furthermore, findings are presented about their interference with the benzodiazepine binding site. Compared with the phenothiazines the ß-{;arbolines display similar effects with respect to motor activity. They induca hypokinesia and tremor. Like reserpine, they block the trans port of biogenic amines into the synaptic vesicles. In experi mental clinical studies it was found that ß-carbolines induce autistic tendencies. Furthermore, hallucinations, mostly visual ones which are usually not mistaken for reality, euphorie mood changes, and aggressive behaviour are reported. Compared with the thymoleptics, the ß-{;arbolines act in a similar manner as they react agonistically to serotonin at the synaptic level. The concentration of certain ß-{;arbolines is increased follow ing ingestion of ethanol. The convulsions in the course of chronic alcoholism and withdrawal may be correlated with a ß-carboline (