Influence of vitamin D status on respiratory infection incidence and immune function during 4 months of winter training in endurance sport athletes.

IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Exercise Immunology Review Pub Date : 2013-01-01
Cheng-Shiun He, Michal Handzlik, William D Fraser, Ayu Muhamad, Hannah Preston, Andrew Richardson, Michael Gleeson
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of vitamin D status on mucosal and systemic immunity and the incidence, severity and duration of upper respiratory tract illness (URTI) episodes in endurance athletes during a 16-week winter training period. Blood was collected from 225 subjects at the start of the study and plasma was analysed for total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and cathelicidin concentration. Blood was also collected at the end of the study and analysed for 25(OH)D and antigen-stimulated cytokine production. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained at the start and at 4-week intervals during the study period. Saliva samples were analysed for salivary antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). Weekly training and daily illness logs were kept. At the start and end of the study 38% and 55%, respectively, of the athlete cohort had inadequate (plasma 25(OH)D 30-50 nmol/L) or deficient (plasma 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) vitamin D status. There was a significantly higher proportion of subjects who presented with symptoms of URTI in the vitamin D deficient status group (initial plasma 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) during the study period than in the optimal vitamin D group (> 120 nmol/L) and the total number of URTI symptom days and the median symptom-severity score in the vitamin D deficient group was signifi- cantly higher than in the other groups. The plasma cathelicidin concentration positively correlated with the plasma 25(OH)D concentration and the saliva secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion rate in the optimal vitamin D status group was significantly higher than in the other groups. Low vitamin D status was associated with lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and lymphocytes. Low vitamin D status could be an important determinant of URTI risk in endurance athletes and mucosal as well as systemic immunity may be modified via vitamin D-dependent mechanisms.

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耐力运动运动员冬训4个月期间维生素D水平对呼吸道感染发生率和免疫功能的影响
本研究的目的是检查维生素D状态对粘膜和全身免疫的影响,以及耐力运动员在16周冬季训练期间上呼吸道疾病(URTI)发作的发生率、严重程度和持续时间。在研究开始时收集了225名受试者的血液,并分析了血浆中25-羟基维生素D (25(OH)D)和抗菌肽的浓度。在研究结束时还收集了血液,并分析了25(OH)D和抗原刺激的细胞因子的产生。在研究开始时和研究期间每隔4周采集一次未受刺激的唾液样本。分析唾液样本中的抗菌肽和抗菌蛋白(AMPs)。每周培训和每日疾病记录。在研究开始和结束时,分别有38%和55%的运动员队列维生素D不足(血浆25(OH)D 30-50 nmol/L)或缺乏(血浆25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L)。在研究期间,维生素D缺乏组(初始血浆25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L)出现尿路感染症状的受试者比例明显高于最佳维生素D组(> 120 nmol/L),维生素D缺乏组尿路感染症状总天数和中位症状严重程度评分显著高于其他组。维生素D最佳状态组血浆抗菌肽浓度与血浆25(OH)D浓度、唾液分泌免疫球蛋白A (SIgA)分泌率呈正相关,显著高于其他各组。低维生素D状态与单核细胞和淋巴细胞产生的促炎细胞因子降低有关。低维生素D状态可能是耐力运动员尿路感染风险的重要决定因素,粘膜和全身免疫可能通过维生素D依赖机制被改变。
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来源期刊
Exercise Immunology Review
Exercise Immunology Review 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Exercise Immunology Review (EIR) serves as the official publication of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology and the German Society of Sports Medicine and Prevention. It is dedicated to advancing knowledge in all areas of immunology relevant to acute exercise and regular physical activity. EIR publishes review articles and papers containing new, original data along with extensive review-like discussions. Recognizing the diverse disciplines contributing to the understanding of immune function, the journal adopts an interdisciplinary approach, facilitating the dissemination of research findings from fields such as exercise sciences, medicine, immunology, physiology, behavioral science, endocrinology, pharmacology, and psychology.
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