[Control of inflammatory bone destruction by targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.]

Abstract

Bone erosions develop early in the course of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and are predictive of a worse prognosis. They deteriorate gradually and cause joint damage, resulting in impaired functional capacity and disability. Lately, a considerable number of studies have increased our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms participating in the development of bone erosions in RA. Osteoclasts are responsible cells and multiple factors have been identified to stimulate their differentiation and function. RANKL(receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)and other cytokines have been known for a long time to enhance osteoclastogenesis, but the role of other pathways has also been revealed recently. Besides to excessive ostaoclastogenesis, impair osteoblast differentiation and function also plays part in bone erosion formation in RA. Inflamed synovial membrane products increased levels of cytokines and antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which inhibit osteoblast differentiation and function. It seems that downregulation of this pathway leads to impaired osteoblast differentiation and activity and consequently, to reduced capacity of bone erosion to repair. Preclinical studies show that these findings could have implications in RA treatment, although more studies are required in this direction.