Clinical calcium最新文献

Post-pregnant osteoporosis, characterized by low back pain and vertebral fractures, is a relatively rare disease. For avoiding post-pregnant osteoporosis and decrease in bone mass during pregnancy or lactation period, it is necessary to obtain sufficient bone mass during the growth period and maintain bone mass in adulthood. From the results of the national nutrition and health survey, the total energy, protein, calcium intake of women aged 20s and 30s is the lowest in all ages. In addition, young women with exercise habits are less than 10%. In addition to the prevention of post-pregnant osteoporosis, to avoid future osteoporosis and fragility fractures of older age, it is necessary to promote young women to take measures such as adequate nutrition intake and exercise habits, considering bone health.

Apoptosis is a prototype of regulated cell death and plays a crucial role in the development of various organs and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that new types of regulated cell death, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis are molecularly identified. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and the functions of new types of regulated cell death.

Coronary artery calcium, quantified by computed tomography scanning, is one of the well-known measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Coronary artery calcium is considered an end result from the long-term exposure to risk factors. CAC has been shown to improve risk stratification in asymptomatic individuals with intermediate-risk(e.g., an option to facilitate decision making)for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the US/western countries. Coronary artery calcium also represents a surrogate of atherosclerosis burden. However, the lack of evidence regarding issues such as costs or radiation exposure related to measuring coronary artery calcium warrants further studies.

Abnormalities, such as hyperparathyroidism, vascular calcification, and osteoporosis, are devastating complications in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD). These abnormalities significantly affect the quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, controlling the abnormalities of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolism play an important role in these patients. Conventionally, calcium and phosphorus metabolism abnormalities have been mainly attributed to the development of vascular calcification, but preventing vascular calcification is still difficult even if calcium and phosphorus levels are controlled. Additionally, the mechanisms of the development and progression of vascular calcification in patients with ESRD are still unknown. Recently, advanced glycation end products(AGEs)have been known to be involved in the development and promotion of bone abnormality, such as bone embrittlement and vascular calcification. Therefore, blockade of AGEs and the receptor for AGE(RAGE)system may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the prognosis of patients with ESRD by inhibiting bone embrittlement and vascular calcification.

According to some case reports, extreme hypocalcemia induced by vitamin D and calcium deficiency leads to heart failure. This rare clinical entity "Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy" is also reported in elderly patients as well as infants. In patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure, hypocalcemia is reported to predict worse outcome. Prescription of active vitamin D or its analogues is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular events in predialysis and dialysis patients, however indication biases often seen in observational studies cannot preclude the possibility that the benefit of these agents is limited to patients with high parathyroid hormone(PTH)levels. In fact, J-DAVID study, a randomized controlled trial from Japan, clearly showed that oral administration of alfacalcidol of 0.5 μg/day did not reduce cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients with intact PTH<180 pg/mL.

Advances in CT scan revealed that the presence of calcified plaque by coronary CT and aortic calcification and aortic valve calcification by aortic CT are related to subsequent cardiovascular events. In particular, coronary calcification has many evidence related to cardiovascular events as a surrogate marker of plaque in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. From now on, by identifying atherosclerosis by calcium scanning with CT, it is necessary to consider drug treatment and lifestyle improvement, etc. for prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Epigenome, a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism, is dynamically altered by environmental conditions and thus contributes to an adaptive mechanism for the given environmental stress. Among them, the cold environment is life-threatening to homeothermic animals. To combat, they induce thermogenic gene expression such as Ucp1 against cold stress. We recently revealed dual roles for the histone demethylase JMJD1A as a mediator of both acute and chronic thermogenic responses to cold stress, in two distinct thermogenic tissues, and through two distinct molecular mechanisms.

Apoptosis had been considered as a sole form of cell death in living body. However, non-apoptotic forms of cell death have recently attracted more attention, and about 20 forms of non-apoptotic cell death have been identified. In this review, I introduce apoptosis and these non-apoptotic cell death, particularly autophagic cell death.

This is a brief report regarding the topics about osteoclasts and Wnt signals presented in ASBMR 2018 held in Palais des congres de Montreal, Quebec in September 27-October 1, 2018.

It has been known that diabetes mellitus is known to have a high risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as osteoporosis. Prevention and treatment of vascular calcification in patients with diabeties mellitus by anti-osteoporosis agents is prospected bcause similar molecular mechanisms in bone tissue were found in calcified lesion in blood vessels. However, the anti-vascular calcification effect has not always been observed in clinical practice in contrast to basic research and animal experiments. More optimized clinical research desined for prevention of vascular calcification as primary outcome, such as applying elaborated method for detemination of calcified lesion, is needed.