Bronson I Pinto, Oscar R Lujan, Stephan A Ramos, Catherine R Propper, Robert S Kellar
{"title":"Estrogen Mitigates the Negative Effects of Arsenic Contamination in an <i>In Vitro</i> Wound Model.","authors":"Bronson I Pinto, Oscar R Lujan, Stephan A Ramos, Catherine R Propper, Robert S Kellar","doi":"10.1089/aivt.2017.0020","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic, a naturally occurring environmental contaminant, is harmful to humans at elevated concentrations. Increased levels of arsenic in the environment occur as a result of human activities and from natural geologically sourced leaching into ground and surface water. These sources pose an exposure risk above the USEPA standard to individuals whose food and water sources become contaminated. Arsenic exposure negatively impacts organ function and increases the risk for developing pathologies, including cancer. Some of the effects of arsenic on cancer translate to normal cell function in wound healing. To evaluate whether arsenic influences wound healing, an <i>in vitro</i> scratch assay was employed to study the effects of arsenic on cellular migration, which is a key component in the normal wound-healing process. In this study, skin cells were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic, and wound closure was evaluated. Results indicated that arsenic significantly decreased the rate of cellular migration in the scratch assay when compared with controls. In addition, estradiol, which has been shown to positively influence cellular and tissue processes involved in wound healing, reversed the slowing effects of arsenic on wound closure. These results suggest that arsenic contamination may inhibit, and estrogen may provide a therapeutic benefit for individuals with arsenic-contaminated wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":37448,"journal":{"name":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","volume":"4 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/aivt.2017.0020","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied In Vitro Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2017.0020","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Health Professions","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally occurring environmental contaminant, is harmful to humans at elevated concentrations. Increased levels of arsenic in the environment occur as a result of human activities and from natural geologically sourced leaching into ground and surface water. These sources pose an exposure risk above the USEPA standard to individuals whose food and water sources become contaminated. Arsenic exposure negatively impacts organ function and increases the risk for developing pathologies, including cancer. Some of the effects of arsenic on cancer translate to normal cell function in wound healing. To evaluate whether arsenic influences wound healing, an in vitro scratch assay was employed to study the effects of arsenic on cellular migration, which is a key component in the normal wound-healing process. In this study, skin cells were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic, and wound closure was evaluated. Results indicated that arsenic significantly decreased the rate of cellular migration in the scratch assay when compared with controls. In addition, estradiol, which has been shown to positively influence cellular and tissue processes involved in wound healing, reversed the slowing effects of arsenic on wound closure. These results suggest that arsenic contamination may inhibit, and estrogen may provide a therapeutic benefit for individuals with arsenic-contaminated wounds.
期刊介绍：
Applied In Vitro Toxicology is a peer-reviewed journal providing the latest research on the application of alternative in vitro testing methods for predicting adverse effects in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and personal care industries. This Journal aims to address important issues facing the various chemical industries, including regulatory requirements; the reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal testing; new screening methods; evaluation of new cell and tissue models; and the most appropriate methods for assessing safety and satisfying regulatory demands. The Journal also delivers the latest views and opinions of developers of new models, end users of the models, academic laboratories that are inventing new tools, and regulatory agencies in the United States, Europe, Latin America, Australia and Asia. Applied In Vitro Toxicology is the journal that scientists involved with hazard identification and risk assessment will read to understand how new and existing in vitro methods are applied, and the questions for which these models provide answers. Applied In Vitro Toxicology coverage includes: -Applied in vitro toxicology industry standards -New technologies developed for applied in vitro toxicology -Data acquisition, cleaning, distribution, and best practices -Data protection, privacy, and policy -Business interests from research to product -The changing role of in vitro toxicology -Visualization and design principles of applied in vitro toxicology infrastructures -Physical interfaces and robotics -Opportunities around applied in vitro toxicology
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