ADHD Parent and Teacher Symptom Ratings: Differential Item Functioning across Gender, Age, Race, and Ethnicity.

George J DuPaul, Qiong Fu, Arthur D Anastopoulos, Robert Reid, Thomas J Power
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Parent and teacher ratings of the two attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity) have been found to differ across child gender, age, race, and ethnicity. Group differences could be due to actual variation in symptomatic behaviors but also could be due to measurement items functioning differently based on child characteristics. This study extended prior investigations establishing measurement invariance at the symptom dimension and item levels, by examining possible measurement variance across child demographic characteristics at the item level (i.e., differential item functioning [DIF]) in two large national samples. Using the Rasch rating scale model (Andrich Psychometrika, 43, 561-73, 1978), we examined DIF of the 18 ADHD symptoms in samples of 2079 children (n = 1037 males) from 5 to 17 years old (M = 10.7; SD = 3.8) rated by parents and 1070 children (n = 535 males) aged from 5 to 17 years old (M = 11.5; SD = 3.5) rated by teachers. All but six ADHD symptom items showed DIF across child age, gender, race (Black vs. White), and ethnicity with more items showing DIF for age than for gender, race, or ethnicity. For child gender and age, more items showed DIF for parent than for teacher ratings. More items showed DIF across racial groups for teacher than for parent ratings. Only two parent- and teacher-rated items showed DIF for ethnicity. Implications of findings for practice, research, and future iterations of ADHD diagnostic criteria are discussed.

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ADHD家长和教师症状评分:跨性别、年龄、种族和民族的差异项目功能。
父母和老师对两个注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)症状维度(即注意力不集中,多动-冲动)的评分已被发现在儿童性别,年龄,种族和民族之间存在差异。组间差异可能是由于症状行为的实际差异,但也可能是由于基于儿童特征的测量项目功能不同。本研究扩展了先前的调查,在症状维度和项目水平上建立了测量不变性,通过在两个大型国家样本中检查儿童人口统计学特征在项目水平上可能的测量差异(即差异项目功能[DIF])。使用Rasch评定量表模型(Andrich Psychometrika, 43,561 - 73,1978),我们检测了2079名5 - 17岁儿童(n = 1037名男性)的18种ADHD症状的DIF (M = 10.7;SD = 3.8),由父母和1070名5 - 17岁的儿童(n = 535名男性)评定(M = 11.5;SD = 3.5),由教师评定。除6个ADHD症状项目外,所有项目在儿童年龄、性别、种族(黑人与白人)和种族中均显示DIF,年龄的DIF项目多于性别、种族或种族的DIF项目。在儿童性别和年龄方面,家长的DIF评分高于教师评分。不同种族的教师评分比家长评分显示的差异更大。只有两个家长和老师打分的项目显示了种族的DIF。研究结果对实践、研究和ADHD诊断标准的未来迭代的意义进行了讨论。
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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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