Empathic Accuracy in Female Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Empathy.

N A Martin-Key, G Allison, G Fairchild
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Research on empathy in youth with Conduct Disorder (CD) has primarily focused on males, with the few studies that have investigated empathy in females relying on questionnaire measures. Our primary aim was to investigate whether females with CD show empathy deficits when using a more ecologically-valid task. We used an empathic accuracy (EA) paradigm that involved watching videos of actors recalling emotional experiences and providing continuous ratings of emotional intensity (assessing EA), naming the emotion expressed (emotion recognition), and reporting whether they shared the emotion expressed (affective empathy). We compared 23 females with CD and 29 typically-developing (TD) adolescents aged 13-18 years. The CD sample was divided into subgroups with higher (CD/CU+) versus lower (CD/CU-) levels of callous-unemotional traits. Females with CD did not differ from TD females in EA or emotion recognition but exhibited reduced affective empathy responses (ps < 0.01, rs ≥ 0.39). The CD/CU+ and CD/CU- subgroups did not differ on any empathy measure. We also assessed for sex differences in CD-empathy associations by comparing the present data with archive data from males. CD adolescents exhibited impairments in EA relative to their TD counterparts overall (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.06), but there was no sex-by-diagnosis interaction. While females with CD were only impaired in affective empathy, males with CD exhibited emotion recognition and affective empathy deficits. This study demonstrates that females with CD show relatively specific impairments in affective empathy on an ecologically-valid task, whereas males with CD display more global empathic difficulties.

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行为障碍女性青少年共情准确性及行为障碍与共情关系的性别差异。
青少年行为障碍(CD)的共情研究主要集中在男性,对女性共情的研究很少依赖于问卷调查。我们的主要目的是调查患有乳糜泻的女性在执行更生态有效的任务时是否表现出同理心缺陷。我们使用了共情准确性(EA)范式,包括观看演员回忆情感经历的视频,并提供持续的情感强度评级(评估EA),命名所表达的情感(情感识别),并报告他们是否分享所表达的情感(情感共情)。我们比较了23名患有CD的女性和29名13-18岁的典型发育(TD)青少年。CD样本被分为高(CD/CU+)和低(CD/CU-)水平的冷酷无情特征亚组。患有乳糜泻的女性在EA或情绪识别方面与患有TD的女性没有差异,但表现出较低的情感共情反应(ps 2 = 0.06),但没有性别诊断相互作用。乳糜泻女性患者仅表现为情感共情受损,而乳糜泻男性患者表现为情感识别和情感共情缺陷。本研究表明,患有乳糜泻的女性在生态有效任务中表现出相对特定的情感共情障碍,而患有乳糜泻的男性则表现出更多的整体共情困难。
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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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