Does exercise protect from cognitive decline by altering brain cytokine and apoptotic protein levels? A systematic review of the literature.

IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Exercise Immunology Review Pub Date : 2010-01-01
N Packer, N Pervaiz, L Hoffman-Goetz
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Abstract

Regular exercise is thought to provide protection against age-related cognitive decline and possibly reduce risk of dementias. The mechanisms for the exercise protective effects are not known although changes in inflammatory cytokine levels may be involved. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess (1) the effects of exercise on cytokines in the brain, (2) the methodological rigour of studies which have examined these exercise effects and (3) the potential role of regular exercise in reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu that may contribute to dementia. We also reviewed the effects of exercise on concurrent pro and anti-apoptotic protein expression in the brain as related to cytokine changes. Five databases were searched until January 2010 with an initial 630 articles identified; 61 articles were retrieved of which 10 met study inclusion criteria. Investigations of both acute and chronic (training) exercise were assessed for methodological quality using a modified PEDro scale. Two studies were carried out with human participants and eight with mouse or rat models; studies differed markedly in design and methodological rigour; the types, intensities and durations of exercise, the cytokine and apoptotic proteins measured, and the regions of the brain (or proxy compartments) sampled. Despite variations in design, specific cytokine outcomes, and exercise type, the 10 studies provide limited evidence that acute strenuous exercise increases and exercise training decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines centrally. Two animal studies relate training associated decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines with improved cognitive function using behavioural assessments such as the Morris maze. Recommendations for the design of future research on exercise, central cytokines, and cognition are offered.

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运动是否通过改变脑细胞因子和凋亡蛋白水平来防止认知能力下降?对文献的系统回顾。
经常锻炼被认为可以防止与年龄相关的认知能力下降,并可能降低患痴呆症的风险。运动保护作用的机制尚不清楚,但可能涉及炎症细胞因子水平的变化。我们对文献进行了系统的回顾,以评估(1)运动对大脑细胞因子的影响,(2)检验这些运动影响的研究方法的严谨性,以及(3)定期运动在减少可能导致痴呆的促炎细胞因子环境中的潜在作用。我们还回顾了运动对大脑中与细胞因子变化相关的促凋亡和抗凋亡蛋白表达的影响。在2010年1月之前检索了5个数据库,初步确定了630篇文章;检索到61篇文章,其中10篇符合研究纳入标准。使用改良的PEDro量表对急性和慢性(训练)运动的调查进行方法学质量评估。两项研究以人类参与者为对象,八项以小鼠或大鼠模型为对象;研究在设计和方法的严谨性上明显不同;运动的类型、强度和持续时间,细胞因子和凋亡蛋白的测量,以及大脑区域(或代理区室)的采样。尽管在设计、特定的细胞因子结果和运动类型上存在差异,但这10项研究提供了有限的证据,表明急性剧烈运动增加了促炎细胞因子,运动训练减少了促炎细胞因子。两项动物研究通过莫里斯迷宫等行为评估,将训练中促炎细胞因子的减少与认知功能的改善联系起来。对未来运动、中枢细胞因子和认知研究的设计提出了建议。
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来源期刊
Exercise Immunology Review
Exercise Immunology Review 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Exercise Immunology Review (EIR) serves as the official publication of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology and the German Society of Sports Medicine and Prevention. It is dedicated to advancing knowledge in all areas of immunology relevant to acute exercise and regular physical activity. EIR publishes review articles and papers containing new, original data along with extensive review-like discussions. Recognizing the diverse disciplines contributing to the understanding of immune function, the journal adopts an interdisciplinary approach, facilitating the dissemination of research findings from fields such as exercise sciences, medicine, immunology, physiology, behavioral science, endocrinology, pharmacology, and psychology.
期刊最新文献
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