Analyzing protective factors for adolescents’ mental health during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study

IF 1.3 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED European Review of Applied Psychology-Revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.erap.2022.100847

Usue De la Barrera , Konstanze Schoeps , Estefanía Mónaco , José Antonio Gil-Gómez , Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla

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Abstract

Objective

This study examined the protective role of self-esteem and perceived emotional intelligence on mental health problems in Spanish adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Participants (N = 139; M_age = 13.83 years; SD = 0.96; 63.8% female) completed measures before the outbreak of COVID-19 (T1) and during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain (T2). Participants self-reported emotional intelligence, self-esteem, mental health problems and suicidal behavior.

Results

Adolescent mental health problems were equally affected by COVID-19 pandemic according to gender, age and lockdown conditions. Adolescents with low levels of emotional intelligence and self-esteem at T1 showed a significant decrease in self-reported anxiety, depression, stress and suicidal behavior at T2. However, adolescents with average or high levels of emotional intelligence and self-esteem at T1 showed no significant changes in mental health problems at T2. Self-esteem at T1 meditated the relationships between emotional intelligence at T1 (clarity and repair) and emotional symptoms at T2 (depression, anxiety and stress). Furthermore, the relationship between self-esteem and anxiety symptoms was moderated by the number of people living together during COVID-19 lockdown.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the protective role of pre-pandemic development of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on adolescent mental health during the pandemic.

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西班牙COVID-19大流行期间青少年心理健康保护因素分析:一项纵向研究

目的探讨自尊和情绪智力对新冠肺炎大流行期间西班牙青少年心理健康问题的保护作用。方法参与者(N = 139;法师= 13.83岁;sd = 0.96;(63.8%)女性)在2019冠状病毒病暴发前(T1)和西班牙大流行第一波期间(T2)完成了措施。参与者自我报告了情商、自尊、心理健康问题和自杀行为。结果不同性别、年龄和封锁条件对青少年心理健康问题的影响相同。在T1时情绪智力和自尊水平较低的青少年在T2时自我报告的焦虑、抑郁、压力和自杀行为显著减少。然而，在第一阶段情绪智力和自尊水平处于中等或较高水平的青少年在第二阶段的心理健康问题没有显著变化。T1阶段的自尊可以调节T1阶段的情绪智力(清晰和修复)与T2阶段的情绪症状(抑郁、焦虑和压力)之间的关系。此外，在COVID-19封锁期间，住在一起的人数缓和了自尊和焦虑症状之间的关系。结论大流行前自尊和情绪智力的发展对减轻疫情对青少年心理健康的影响具有保护作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Review of Applied Psychology-Revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The aim of the Revue européenne de Psychologie appliquée / European Review of Applied Psychology is to promote high-quality applications of psychology to all areas of specialization, and to foster exchange among researchers and professionals. Its policy is to attract a wide range of contributions, including empirical research, overviews of target issues, case studies, descriptions of instruments for research and diagnosis, and theoretical work related to applied psychology. In all cases, authors will refer to published and verificable facts, whether established in the study being reported or in earlier publications.