Manufacture and characterization of indicator electrodes from PPy + H2SO4 and PPy + Sulfonic acid as a urea sensor using urease enzyme immobilization technique in PVA
{"title":"Manufacture and characterization of indicator electrodes from PPy + H2SO4 and PPy + Sulfonic acid as a urea sensor using urease enzyme immobilization technique in PVA","authors":"S. Abd Hakim , Martha Rianna , Abdul Rais","doi":"10.1016/j.mset.2022.11.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has been carried out on indicator electrodes (1) PVA-Enzyme/PVC-KTpClPB, sensitivity 19,069 mV/decade, detection range 1.10<sup>−5</sup>–5.10<sup>−4</sup> M, detection limit 1.10–5 M. The width of the peak UV–vis absorbance is narrow (2) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PVC-KTpClPB wide UV–vis absorbance peak but the absorbance peak decreased, (3) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE XRD analysis amorphous spectral pattern appeared (4) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PPy + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE (5) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PPy + Sulfonic Acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE, amorphous spectrum pattern in (4) and (5) were greatly reduced for the enzyme variation of 0.6 g in 0.5 mL (50 % water + 50 % alcohol). GA plays a role in increasing the detection range, o-NPOE forms amorphous, enzyme variations increase the intensity of the XRD spectrum pattern. The method of developing a gradual modification of the indicator electrode membrane by cross-linking GA, o-NPOE, conductive polymer. The best results were obtained at the indicator electrode PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PPy + Sulfonic Acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE. Analysis of the linear curve of the sample EI<sub>5</sub>-1 with a sensitivity of 41.56 mV/decade, a detection range of 10<sup>−4</sup>–10<sup>−1</sup> M and a detection limit of 10<sup>−4</sup> M, R<sup>2</sup> = 97.51 %. The best indicator electrode is EI<sub>5</sub>-1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18283,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science for Energy Technologies","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials Science for Energy Technologies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589299122000647","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Materials Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Research has been carried out on indicator electrodes (1) PVA-Enzyme/PVC-KTpClPB, sensitivity 19,069 mV/decade, detection range 1.10−5–5.10−4 M, detection limit 1.10–5 M. The width of the peak UV–vis absorbance is narrow (2) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PVC-KTpClPB wide UV–vis absorbance peak but the absorbance peak decreased, (3) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE XRD analysis amorphous spectral pattern appeared (4) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PPy + H2SO4/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE (5) PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PPy + Sulfonic Acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE, amorphous spectrum pattern in (4) and (5) were greatly reduced for the enzyme variation of 0.6 g in 0.5 mL (50 % water + 50 % alcohol). GA plays a role in increasing the detection range, o-NPOE forms amorphous, enzyme variations increase the intensity of the XRD spectrum pattern. The method of developing a gradual modification of the indicator electrode membrane by cross-linking GA, o-NPOE, conductive polymer. The best results were obtained at the indicator electrode PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9 %/PPy + Sulfonic Acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE. Analysis of the linear curve of the sample EI5-1 with a sensitivity of 41.56 mV/decade, a detection range of 10−4–10−1 M and a detection limit of 10−4 M, R2 = 97.51 %. The best indicator electrode is EI5-1.