A Multidisciplinary Study of Wild Grapevines in the River Crati Natural Reserve, South Italy (Calabria): Implications in Conservation Biology and Palaeoecological Reconstructions
Eleonora Clò, P. Torri, M. Baliva, A. Brusco, Roberto Marchianò, E. Sgarbi, J. Palli, A. Mercuri, G. Piovesan, A. Florenzano
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nowadays, wild grapevine populations are quite limited and sporadic mainly due to habitat destruction, land-use change, and the spread of pathogens that have reduced their distribution range. Palaeoecological, archaeobotanical, and genetic studies indicate that modern cultivars of Vitis vinifera are the results of the domestication of the dioecious, and sometimes hermaphrodite, wild species standing in riparian zones and wet environments. Wild grapevine populations have declined as a consequence of various forms of anthropogenic disturbance and were assigned by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to the Least Concern category. The River Crati Natural Reserve (Riserva Naturale Foce del Crati), located in southern Italy, hosts a population of Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris in a rewilding wet forest close to the Ionian Sea. These protected areas are of high scientific, biogeographic, and conservation interest in terms of Mediterranean biodiversity. Dendroecological and pollen morpho-biometric analyses of the wild grapevine are presented in this study. Palaeoecological perspectives for a landscape management strategy aimed at conserving and restoring the relic grapevine population are discussed.
目前,野生葡萄藤种群数量有限且呈零星分布,主要原因是生境破坏、土地利用变化和病原菌的传播使其分布范围缩小。古生态学、考古植物学和遗传学研究表明,葡萄的现代栽培品种是生长在河岸地带和潮湿环境中的雌雄异株(有时是雌雄同体)野生物种驯化的结果。由于各种形式的人为干扰,野生葡萄藤种群数量下降,并被世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录列为最不受关注的类别。克拉蒂河自然保护区(Riserva Naturale force del Crati)位于意大利南部,是葡萄亚种的栖息地。西尔维斯特里斯在靠近爱奥尼亚海的一片正在恢复野生的潮湿森林里。就地中海生物多样性而言,这些保护区具有很高的科学、生物地理和保护价值。本文介绍了野生葡萄树的树木生态学和花粉形态生物学分析。从古生态学的角度探讨了保护和恢复葡萄藤种群的景观管理策略。