The role of brush encroachment in Mediterranean ecosystems: a review

IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Israel Journal of Plant Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI:10.1163/22238980-bja10039
Z. Henkin
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Encroachment of woody plants into grasslands and subsequent brush management are among the most prominent changes occurring in arid and semiarid ecosystems over the past century. The reduced number of farms, the abandonment of marginal land and the decline of traditional farming practices have led to encroachment of the woody and shrubby components into grasslands. This phenomenon, specifically in the Mediterranean region, which is followed by a reduction in herbage production, biodiversity and increased fire risk, is generally considered an undesirable process. Sarcopoterium spinosum has had great success in the eastern Mediterranean as a colonizer and dominant bush species on a wide variety of sites and climatic conditions. In the Mediterranean dehesa, the high magnitude and intensity of shrub encroachment effects on pastures and on tree production were shown to be dependent on temporal variation. Accordingly, there are attempts to transform shrublands into grassland-woodland matrices by using different techniques. The main management interventions that are commonly used include grazing, woodcutting, shrub control with herbicides or by mechanical means, amelioration of plant mineral deficits in the soil, and fire. However, the effects of these various treatments on the shrubs under diverse environmental conditions were found to be largely context-specific. As such, the most efficient option for suppressing encroachment of shrubs is combining different interventions. Appropriate management of grazing, periodic control of the shrub component, and occasional soil nutrient amelioration can lead to the development of attractive open woodland with a productive herbaceous understory that provides a wider range of ecological services.
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灌木入侵在地中海生态系统中的作用:综述
过去一个世纪以来,干旱和半干旱生态系统中最显著的变化是木本植物侵入草原以及随后的灌木管理。农场数量的减少、边缘土地的废弃和传统耕作方式的减少导致了森林和灌木成分对草原的侵蚀。这种现象,特别是在地中海地区,随之而来的是牧草产量的减少、生物多样性的减少和火灾风险的增加,通常被认为是一个不可取的过程。在地中海东部作为一个殖民者和优势灌木物种在各种地点和气候条件下取得了巨大的成功。在地中海地区,灌木入侵对牧场和树木生产的影响程度和强度取决于时间的变化。因此,有人尝试通过使用不同的技术将灌木地转化为草地-林地基质。常用的主要管理干预措施包括放牧、伐木、用除草剂或机械手段控制灌木、改善土壤中的植物矿物质缺陷和火灾。然而,在不同的环境条件下,这些不同的处理对灌木的影响很大程度上是因地制要的。因此,抑制灌木入侵的最有效选择是结合不同的干预措施。适当的放牧管理,定期控制灌木成分,偶尔改善土壤养分,可以导致有吸引力的开放林地的发展,具有生产的草本下层植被,提供更广泛的生态服务。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Israel Journal of Plant Sciences
Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Israel Journal of Plant Sciences is an international journal of extensive scope that publishes special issues dealing with all aspects of plant sciences, including but not limited to: physiology, cell biology, development, botany, genetic
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