Nanoplatforms for Promoting Osteogenesis in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in the Experimental Model

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a bone-debilitated ailment characterized by obvious bone mass loss and bone microarchitecture impairment. This study was tailored to illuminate the in vivo usefulness of nanotechnology as an osteoporosis treatment via analyzing the effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHa), nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHa/C) and nano-hydroxyapatite/silver (nHa/S) in mitigation of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. The characterization of the nHa, nHa/C and nHa/S was carried out using TEM, SEM, FTIR and Zeta potential measurements. This in vivo study included 48 adult female rats that were randomized into six groups (8 rats/group): (1) Sham-operated control, (2) osteoporotic, (3) nHa, (4) nHa/C, (5) nHa/S and (6) Fosamax®. Serum Osterix level was quantified using ELISA. Femur bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. The femur bones were scanned by DEXA for measurement of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. In addition, histopathological examination of femur bones was performed. The present approach denoted that the treatment with nHa, nHa/C or nHa/S yields significant rise in serum level of Osterix and mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 as well as significant enhancements of bone tissue minerals. The findings affirmed the potency of nHa, nHa/C and nHa/Sas an auspicious nanoplatforms for repairing bone defects in the osteoporotic rat model. The positive effect of the inspected nanoformulations arose from the motivation of bone formation indicators in serum and tissue, additionally the reinforcement of bone density and content which was verified by the histopathological description of bone tissue sections.