Cutaneous leishmaniasis: An uncommon finding in South-South Nigeria

Abstract

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is of public health significance, especially in the North-West and North-East Nigeria,which forms the belt of the disease in the country. It is caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted through the bite of infected female Phlebotomine sandfly. Leishmaniasis presents as self-limiting cutaneous lesions, a mutilating mucocutaneous disease, or a lethal systemic illness. Description of the disease in the southern parts of Nigeria is a rarity. A 28-year-old male presented at the dermatology clinic of UBTH, Benin City, Edo State, South-South Nigeria, with multiple, painless, indurated nodular plaques on the left upper limb. Histology showed features suggestive of leishmaniasis. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis possesses a significant challenge in nonendemic areas; however, a very good history and a high index of suspicion are imperative in overcoming this diagnostic challenge.