A. Ogbenna, Oluwafikewa Oyedele, T. Adeyemo, K. Oyewole
Introduction: Delays in the time of analysis of unspun blood samples stored at varying temperatures received in the laboratory pose a risk for unreliable prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) result; hence, consequent detrimental effect on patient care. This study's aim was thus to determine the optimal storage conditions and the potential effect of various storage times and temperatures on unspun samples for PT and APTT for a reliable test result. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 33 eligible apparent healthy volunteers were recruited. Eighteen milliliters (ml) of venous blood were collected into 20 ml plastic bottles containing 2 ml of 0.109 M sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Each citrated sample was separated into nine 2 ml aliquots. Baseline PT and APTT were determined with a coagulometer immediately and the remaining aliquots were analyzed after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h storage time at refrigerated (4°C) and room temperature (RT), respectively. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Paired student t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: At 24 h storage time at both RT and 4°C for PT, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000). For APTT, a statistically significant difference was observed at 12 h (P = 0.009) and 24 h (P = 0.000) at RT whereas, at 4°C, all storage time had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Unspun blood samples can be stored maximally for 12 h at RT and 4°C for PT whereas it is 6 h at RT only for APTT.
在实验室收到的储存在不同温度下的未纺丝血液样本的分析时间延迟会导致凝血酶原时间(PT)和部分凝血活酶活性时间(APTT)结果不可靠的风险;因此，对病人护理产生不利影响。因此，本研究的目的是确定PT和APTT的最佳储存条件以及不同储存时间和温度对未纺样品的潜在影响，以获得可靠的测试结果。材料和方法:在横断面研究中，招募了33名符合条件的表面健康志愿者。采集静脉血18毫升(ml)，装入20毫升塑料瓶，瓶内装0.109 M柠檬酸钠2毫升作为抗凝剂。每个柠檬酸样品被分成9个2毫升等分。立即用凝血仪测定基线PT和APTT，分别在冷藏(4°C)和室温(RT)下保存3、6、12和24 h后分析剩余的等分。采用社会科学统计软件包和配对学生t检验进行统计分析。结果:PT在RT和4°C保存24 h时，差异均有统计学意义(P = 0.000)。APTT在室温下12 h (P = 0.009)和24 h (P = 0.000)的差异有统计学意义，而在4℃下，所有保存时间的差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:未纺丝血样在室温下和4℃PT下最长可保存12 h，而APTT在室温下最长可保存6 h。
{"title":"Effect of varying storage time and temperature on unspun blood samples for prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in a tertiary hospital laboratory in the tropics","authors":"A. Ogbenna, Oluwafikewa Oyedele, T. Adeyemo, K. Oyewole","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_44_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_44_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Delays in the time of analysis of unspun blood samples stored at varying temperatures received in the laboratory pose a risk for unreliable prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) result; hence, consequent detrimental effect on patient care. This study's aim was thus to determine the optimal storage conditions and the potential effect of various storage times and temperatures on unspun samples for PT and APTT for a reliable test result. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 33 eligible apparent healthy volunteers were recruited. Eighteen milliliters (ml) of venous blood were collected into 20 ml plastic bottles containing 2 ml of 0.109 M sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Each citrated sample was separated into nine 2 ml aliquots. Baseline PT and APTT were determined with a coagulometer immediately and the remaining aliquots were analyzed after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h storage time at refrigerated (4°C) and room temperature (RT), respectively. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Paired student t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: At 24 h storage time at both RT and 4°C for PT, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000). For APTT, a statistically significant difference was observed at 12 h (P = 0.009) and 24 h (P = 0.000) at RT whereas, at 4°C, all storage time had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Unspun blood samples can be stored maximally for 12 h at RT and 4°C for PT whereas it is 6 h at RT only for APTT.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"41 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary hematological disorder in Nigeria with an annual incidence of more than 100,000 new births which contributes to the high Nigerian under-five childhood morbidity and mortality. Sufferers of the disease are frequently admitted into emergency rooms for presentations and complications such as pain crisis, anemia, stroke, and acute chest syndrome, in addition to other childhood infections such as severe malaria, sepsis, and acute respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to describe the clinicodemographic features and morbidity and mortality patterns of children with SCD in a tertiary institution. Methods: The study was a retrospective review of case records of children with SCD admitted with various diagnoses. Results: Complete records of 460 patients were reviewed and this constituted 10.1% of all new admissions during the period. There were more males, 286 (62%), than females, 174 (38%). The mean age was 6.3 ± 5.1 years and 249 (54.1%) were under the age of 5 years. The most common admitting diagnosis was a pain crisis comprising 168 cases (36.5%). The mean packed cell volume was 20.6 ± 4.1 inclusive of hemoglobin SC phenotype, and 197 (42.8%) had simple top-up transfusion, while 28 (6.1%) had exchange transfusion. A total of 438 (95%) patients were discharged, 21 (4.6%) died, and the highest mortality was from severe anemia (47.6%). Conclusion: This study describes the high burden of SCD constituting 10.1% of admissions, as well as the pattern of morbidity and mortality largely from severe anemia in the area under study.
{"title":"Clinico-Demographic characteristics, morbidity and mortality patterns of sickle cell disease in a tertiary institution","authors":"J. Faruk, Mustapha N Adebiyi, H. Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_78_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_78_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary hematological disorder in Nigeria with an annual incidence of more than 100,000 new births which contributes to the high Nigerian under-five childhood morbidity and mortality. Sufferers of the disease are frequently admitted into emergency rooms for presentations and complications such as pain crisis, anemia, stroke, and acute chest syndrome, in addition to other childhood infections such as severe malaria, sepsis, and acute respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to describe the clinicodemographic features and morbidity and mortality patterns of children with SCD in a tertiary institution. Methods: The study was a retrospective review of case records of children with SCD admitted with various diagnoses. Results: Complete records of 460 patients were reviewed and this constituted 10.1% of all new admissions during the period. There were more males, 286 (62%), than females, 174 (38%). The mean age was 6.3 ± 5.1 years and 249 (54.1%) were under the age of 5 years. The most common admitting diagnosis was a pain crisis comprising 168 cases (36.5%). The mean packed cell volume was 20.6 ± 4.1 inclusive of hemoglobin SC phenotype, and 197 (42.8%) had simple top-up transfusion, while 28 (6.1%) had exchange transfusion. A total of 438 (95%) patients were discharged, 21 (4.6%) died, and the highest mortality was from severe anemia (47.6%). Conclusion: This study describes the high burden of SCD constituting 10.1% of admissions, as well as the pattern of morbidity and mortality largely from severe anemia in the area under study.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"52 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There is no ideal contraceptive method; therefore, likelihood of method choice shifts among clients from time to time. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the most chosen modern contraceptive method, and the factors influencing that choice among clients attending a relatively new tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigerian. Methods: A retrospective review of the case records of clients attending the family planning clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria, from January 2012 to December 2017. Results: Six hundred and twenty-nine clients accessed modern contraceptive methods during the study period. Their age ranged between 15 and 50 years with a mean of 33.0 ± 12.93. Most of the clients were married 616 (97.9%), had postsecondary education 405 (64.4%), and were of Christian faith 460 (73.1%). Progestogen-only injectable was the mostly chosen by the clients 228 (36.2%), and this is followed by intrauterine contraceptive device 186 (29.6%). Child spacing was the most common reason for contraception by the clients 357 (56.8%). Parity, postpartum contraception, previous contraceptive use, outcome of last delivery, mode of delivery of antecedent pregnancy, and educational status were all significantly associated with the mostly chosen method. Conclusion: Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive is the mostly chosen method among the clients, and this is a shift from what is obtained in southwestern Nigeria where intrauterine contraceptive device used to be the modern contraception method of choice.
{"title":"Pattern of contraceptive choice among clients attending a tertiary health institution in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. Aworinde, D. Adekanle, O. Ilori, A. Adeyemi","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is no ideal contraceptive method; therefore, likelihood of method choice shifts among clients from time to time. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the most chosen modern contraceptive method, and the factors influencing that choice among clients attending a relatively new tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigerian. Methods: A retrospective review of the case records of clients attending the family planning clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria, from January 2012 to December 2017. Results: Six hundred and twenty-nine clients accessed modern contraceptive methods during the study period. Their age ranged between 15 and 50 years with a mean of 33.0 ± 12.93. Most of the clients were married 616 (97.9%), had postsecondary education 405 (64.4%), and were of Christian faith 460 (73.1%). Progestogen-only injectable was the mostly chosen by the clients 228 (36.2%), and this is followed by intrauterine contraceptive device 186 (29.6%). Child spacing was the most common reason for contraception by the clients 357 (56.8%). Parity, postpartum contraception, previous contraceptive use, outcome of last delivery, mode of delivery of antecedent pregnancy, and educational status were all significantly associated with the mostly chosen method. Conclusion: Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive is the mostly chosen method among the clients, and this is a shift from what is obtained in southwestern Nigeria where intrauterine contraceptive device used to be the modern contraception method of choice.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"37 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48439868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease process characterized by progressive softening of the articular cartilage, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and cyst formation often affects the knee joint. Although OA has traditionally been interpreted as wear and tear, its etiology is now thought to be multifactorial with both biomechanical and metabolic factors implicated. Of the metabolic factors, leptin a glycosylated peptide hormone produced by the adipocytes has received major attention because of its correlation to body size. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the clinical severity of knee OA and serum leptin in obese patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study; recruiting 100 patients (50 obese and nonobese patients) with OA of the knee joint. The severity of knee OA was ascertained using the WOMAC scoring system, and serum leptin of all patients was determined. Results: The age group most commonly affected by knee OA was 51–60 years. The mean serum leptin level in nonobese patients was 4.88 ± 5.08, compared to 20.11 ± 15.04 in obese patients. There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of knee OA (using WOMAC score) and serum leptin level; P = 0.001. Conclusion: This study shows a statistically significant positive correlation between serum leptin and severity of clinical symptoms in obese patients with knee OA.
{"title":"Osteoarthritis of the knee joint in the obese patient: Do metabolic factors play a role?","authors":"Obinna Obiegbu","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_79_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_79_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease process characterized by progressive softening of the articular cartilage, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and cyst formation often affects the knee joint. Although OA has traditionally been interpreted as wear and tear, its etiology is now thought to be multifactorial with both biomechanical and metabolic factors implicated. Of the metabolic factors, leptin a glycosylated peptide hormone produced by the adipocytes has received major attention because of its correlation to body size. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the clinical severity of knee OA and serum leptin in obese patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study; recruiting 100 patients (50 obese and nonobese patients) with OA of the knee joint. The severity of knee OA was ascertained using the WOMAC scoring system, and serum leptin of all patients was determined. Results: The age group most commonly affected by knee OA was 51–60 years. The mean serum leptin level in nonobese patients was 4.88 ± 5.08, compared to 20.11 ± 15.04 in obese patients. There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of knee OA (using WOMAC score) and serum leptin level; P = 0.001. Conclusion: This study shows a statistically significant positive correlation between serum leptin and severity of clinical symptoms in obese patients with knee OA.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"57 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43561665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thierry Habyarimana, Callixte Yadufashije, Vestine Mukantwali, Alexis Nshimiyinana, F. Niyonzima, Clémentine Yamukujije, J. Mucumbitsi
Background: Contraception is a method used to prevent unwanted pregnancies and child spacing. Although the method is beneficial in over birth control and stabilization of population explosion, the hormonal components of used drugs have been shown to generate many sides' effects among users. Aim and Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) on lipid profile among women attending family planning services at Muhoza Health Center, Rwanda. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and purposive sampling was used to select study participants among HC users, although simple random sampling was used to select study participants of nonusers. A total of 88 participants were recruited and among them, 57 were HC users, while 31 were nonusers known as controls. Blood sample was collected after the consent of the participant accepting to participate in the study. Collected blood samples were analyzed to evaluate parameters of the lipid profiles, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by using Humalyzer plus at INES-Ruhengeri clinical biochemistry laboratory. Results: Findings of this study show a high risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among the exposed group compared to controls. Association was found in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (odds ratio [OR] = 11 > 1), TC (OR = 14 > 1) and TG (OR = 2.8 > 1). The high risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among users compared to controls was observed in LDL-C and TC. HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.8 < 1) showed that there is no risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among users and controls. Implant (χ2 = 10, df = 3, P = 0.018397 < 0.05) was statistically significant to affect all studied lipid profile parameters while TC (χ2 = 20.88, df = 3, P = 0.000111 <0.05) was statistically significant to be affected by all HCs studied among users. Conclusion: Lipid profile is affected by HCs among users. Most of the studied lipid profile parameters were seen to be affected by HC use. HC users should be followed up as dyslipidemia could lead to different health conditions.
{"title":"Association between hormonal contraceptive use and derangement of lipid profile among women attending Muhoza Health Center, Rwanda","authors":"Thierry Habyarimana, Callixte Yadufashije, Vestine Mukantwali, Alexis Nshimiyinana, F. Niyonzima, Clémentine Yamukujije, J. Mucumbitsi","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_70_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_70_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contraception is a method used to prevent unwanted pregnancies and child spacing. Although the method is beneficial in over birth control and stabilization of population explosion, the hormonal components of used drugs have been shown to generate many sides' effects among users. Aim and Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) on lipid profile among women attending family planning services at Muhoza Health Center, Rwanda. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and purposive sampling was used to select study participants among HC users, although simple random sampling was used to select study participants of nonusers. A total of 88 participants were recruited and among them, 57 were HC users, while 31 were nonusers known as controls. Blood sample was collected after the consent of the participant accepting to participate in the study. Collected blood samples were analyzed to evaluate parameters of the lipid profiles, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by using Humalyzer plus at INES-Ruhengeri clinical biochemistry laboratory. Results: Findings of this study show a high risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among the exposed group compared to controls. Association was found in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (odds ratio [OR] = 11 > 1), TC (OR = 14 > 1) and TG (OR = 2.8 > 1). The high risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among users compared to controls was observed in LDL-C and TC. HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.8 < 1) showed that there is no risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among users and controls. Implant (χ2 = 10, df = 3, P = 0.018397 < 0.05) was statistically significant to affect all studied lipid profile parameters while TC (χ2 = 20.88, df = 3, P = 0.000111 <0.05) was statistically significant to be affected by all HCs studied among users. Conclusion: Lipid profile is affected by HCs among users. Most of the studied lipid profile parameters were seen to be affected by HC use. HC users should be followed up as dyslipidemia could lead to different health conditions.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"47 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46693105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Several atherogenic indices derived from the lipid profiles are postulated to better detect dyslipidemias and predict the risk of having cardiovascular events even in the presence of insignificant changes in individual lipid parameters. Objective: To compare the lipid ratios and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) to conventional atherogenic indices among hypertensive type 2 diabetics to hypertensive nondiabetes (HND) controls. Materials and Methods: A case–control study in which 210 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension (hypertensive-diabetic [HD]) compared with 150 (n = 155) hypertensive without diabetes (HND) with similar ages were enrolled. Blood samples for fasting lipid profile were collected and analyzed, and the following indices and ratios were calculated: (TC/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C]), (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C]/HDL-C), (HDL-C/LDL-C), and AIP. The indices were compared in both the participants and control group. Results: There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics of HD compared to the HND except the systolic blood pressure, weight, and HDL-C which were lower in the HND group. The frequency of dyslipidemia was found to be significantly higher in the HD group except elevated LDL-C in males (25.8% vs. 17.4%, χ2 = 0.055, respectively). Furthermore, all the lipid ratios, except (Castelli risk index II [CRI– II] were found to be significantly different among HD as compared to HND group (P = 0.002, P = 0.045, respectively). Conclusions: This study concludes that Nigerians with both type 2 diabetes and hypertension have worse dyslipidemia and abnormal lipid ratios compared to those with only hypertension.
{"title":"Comparison of plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices among hypertensives with or without type 2 diabetes","authors":"M. Olamoyegun, O. Ala, S. Iwuala, B. Fawale","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_37_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_37_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several atherogenic indices derived from the lipid profiles are postulated to better detect dyslipidemias and predict the risk of having cardiovascular events even in the presence of insignificant changes in individual lipid parameters. Objective: To compare the lipid ratios and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) to conventional atherogenic indices among hypertensive type 2 diabetics to hypertensive nondiabetes (HND) controls. Materials and Methods: A case–control study in which 210 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension (hypertensive-diabetic [HD]) compared with 150 (n = 155) hypertensive without diabetes (HND) with similar ages were enrolled. Blood samples for fasting lipid profile were collected and analyzed, and the following indices and ratios were calculated: (TC/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C]), (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C]/HDL-C), (HDL-C/LDL-C), and AIP. The indices were compared in both the participants and control group. Results: There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics of HD compared to the HND except the systolic blood pressure, weight, and HDL-C which were lower in the HND group. The frequency of dyslipidemia was found to be significantly higher in the HD group except elevated LDL-C in males (25.8% vs. 17.4%, χ2 = 0.055, respectively). Furthermore, all the lipid ratios, except (Castelli risk index II [CRI– II] were found to be significantly different among HD as compared to HND group (P = 0.002, P = 0.045, respectively). Conclusions: This study concludes that Nigerians with both type 2 diabetes and hypertension have worse dyslipidemia and abnormal lipid ratios compared to those with only hypertension.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"21 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42031785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Okoro, M. Salihu, Azibanigha Akpila, Ayuba O. Giwa
Framing COVID-19 pandemic as mass killer and existential public health emergency/threat in Nigeria with 2,120 COVID-19-related deaths in over 14 months of the pandemic in the country is problematic, especially as other public health conditions kill more Nigerians annually. In 2018, for example, malaria and road traffic accident caused 97,200 and 38,902 deaths, respectively, while HIV/AIDS caused 43,000 deaths in 2019. Therefore, rushing into an extensive vaccination campaign projected to cost 540 billion naira when 76.03 billion naira was allocated for primary health services nationwide including other major immunization programs in the 2021 federal health budget could raise question of priority/effective spending. Especially with COVID-19 deaths relative to reported cases (case fatality ratio) declining to 1.30% by June 30, 2021 from 3.45% in April 2020 and daily mass deaths non-evident. Temporizing to understand how the pandemic evolves especially in jurisdictions with higher need could be cost-effective.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic as a mass killer and existential public health emergency in Nigeria remains unproven: A viewpoint","authors":"E. Okoro, M. Salihu, Azibanigha Akpila, Ayuba O. Giwa","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_71_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_71_21","url":null,"abstract":"Framing COVID-19 pandemic as mass killer and existential public health emergency/threat in Nigeria with 2,120 COVID-19-related deaths in over 14 months of the pandemic in the country is problematic, especially as other public health conditions kill more Nigerians annually. In 2018, for example, malaria and road traffic accident caused 97,200 and 38,902 deaths, respectively, while HIV/AIDS caused 43,000 deaths in 2019. Therefore, rushing into an extensive vaccination campaign projected to cost 540 billion naira when 76.03 billion naira was allocated for primary health services nationwide including other major immunization programs in the 2021 federal health budget could raise question of priority/effective spending. Especially with COVID-19 deaths relative to reported cases (case fatality ratio) declining to 1.30% by June 30, 2021 from 3.45% in April 2020 and daily mass deaths non-evident. Temporizing to understand how the pandemic evolves especially in jurisdictions with higher need could be cost-effective.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Obstetric fistula (OF) continues to be a major health problem in developing countries such as Nigeria. It is a communication between the vagina and bladder/rectum following prolonged obstructed labor that leads to urine/and fecal leakage per vaginam. There is a paucity of information on cost of accessing care by women with OF. Objective: The study was to evaluate the cost implications of accessing care and treatment among women with OF in the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Ningi Bauchi, state. Materials and Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach was employed in this study to estimate the cost of fistula treatment from the patients' perspective. Data on costs of health-care utilization of services rendered to the patients in the facility and indirect costs were estimated. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V21). Results: A total of 75 women participated in the study. The total costs incurred by all the 75 patients amounted to Nigerian Naira (NGN) 8211640.00 (USD 26923.41). The average cost of accessing care for fistula per patient was NGN109488.50 (USD 358.98). Direct cost accounted for 5751740.00 (USD 18858.16), whereas the indirect cost was 2785600.00 (USD9133.11). There was a significant difference in cost of care between patients that were teenagers compared to those who were not (P = 0.04) and the type of treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The cost of illness of OF is high in the studied area, and the patients are from the low socioeconomic background. Both the direct and indirect costs were high relative to the national minimum wage in Nigeria. The age of the patients and the type of treatment received by the patient accounted for the differences in cost of illness between the patients.
{"title":"Economic burden of obstetric fistula among patients in the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Nigeria","authors":"L. Dattijo, Nasir Kabuga, M. Aminu, N. Umar","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_81_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_81_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obstetric fistula (OF) continues to be a major health problem in developing countries such as Nigeria. It is a communication between the vagina and bladder/rectum following prolonged obstructed labor that leads to urine/and fecal leakage per vaginam. There is a paucity of information on cost of accessing care by women with OF. Objective: The study was to evaluate the cost implications of accessing care and treatment among women with OF in the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Ningi Bauchi, state. Materials and Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach was employed in this study to estimate the cost of fistula treatment from the patients' perspective. Data on costs of health-care utilization of services rendered to the patients in the facility and indirect costs were estimated. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V21). Results: A total of 75 women participated in the study. The total costs incurred by all the 75 patients amounted to Nigerian Naira (NGN) 8211640.00 (USD 26923.41). The average cost of accessing care for fistula per patient was NGN109488.50 (USD 358.98). Direct cost accounted for 5751740.00 (USD 18858.16), whereas the indirect cost was 2785600.00 (USD9133.11). There was a significant difference in cost of care between patients that were teenagers compared to those who were not (P = 0.04) and the type of treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The cost of illness of OF is high in the studied area, and the patients are from the low socioeconomic background. Both the direct and indirect costs were high relative to the national minimum wage in Nigeria. The age of the patients and the type of treatment received by the patient accounted for the differences in cost of illness between the patients.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"9 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Isezuo, M. Amodu-Sanni, U. Sani, B. I. Garba, U. Waziri, Murtala Ahmad, M. Jangebe, F. Abubakar, Ibrahim Mada
Kwashi tremors or Kwashi shakes are uncommon neurological complications of unknown etiology seen in edematous forms of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) during rehabilitation phase of treatment. Four patients with SAM seen in our facility within a 30-month period who developed coarse tremors are presented. The aim was to highlight this uncommon presentation of SAM in our setting. Of the four patients, 3 were male and 1 was a female. Their age ranged from 19 months to 2 years and they weighed between 5.5 and 8.7 kg. Their common clinical presentation included body swelling, loss of appetite, fever, and tremors which developed after discharge. All the patients had increased/overzealous protein intake while at home. The tremors resolved completely in all the patients, but more slowly in two of the patients with hypocalcaemia. In conclusion, Kwashi shakes occurring during rehabilitation of edematous SAM with increased protein intake and appears to be worsened with hypocalcemia
{"title":"Coarse tremors (Kwashi shakes) occurring in children recovering from severe acute malnutrition: Case series from a tertiary hospital in Sokoto","authors":"K. Isezuo, M. Amodu-Sanni, U. Sani, B. I. Garba, U. Waziri, Murtala Ahmad, M. Jangebe, F. Abubakar, Ibrahim Mada","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_28_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_28_21","url":null,"abstract":"Kwashi tremors or Kwashi shakes are uncommon neurological complications of unknown etiology seen in edematous forms of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) during rehabilitation phase of treatment. Four patients with SAM seen in our facility within a 30-month period who developed coarse tremors are presented. The aim was to highlight this uncommon presentation of SAM in our setting. Of the four patients, 3 were male and 1 was a female. Their age ranged from 19 months to 2 years and they weighed between 5.5 and 8.7 kg. Their common clinical presentation included body swelling, loss of appetite, fever, and tremors which developed after discharge. All the patients had increased/overzealous protein intake while at home. The tremors resolved completely in all the patients, but more slowly in two of the patients with hypocalcaemia. In conclusion, Kwashi shakes occurring during rehabilitation of edematous SAM with increased protein intake and appears to be worsened with hypocalcemia","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"32 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46653291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Fomete, Albert Okeke, M. Samaila, R. Agbara, S. Ajike, C. Mgbemena, Oladunni Amuda, H. Abugu
Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma occurs in early life, and approximately 79% are diagnosed before the age of 15 years. Approximately 85% of cases were found in the face, while the calvarium and extracranial sites accounted for 12% and 3%, respectively. We present three females with psammomatous juvenile aggressive juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) of the maxilla diagnosed in our institution. While two of them were children of 11 and 12 years, the third was a 30-year-old. The histological type of JOF in all the three cases was the psammomatous type. They all had surgery with one of them having a radical maxillectomy.
{"title":"Juvenile aggressive psammomatous ossifying fibroma of the maxilla: A report of three cases and review of the literature","authors":"B. Fomete, Albert Okeke, M. Samaila, R. Agbara, S. Ajike, C. Mgbemena, Oladunni Amuda, H. Abugu","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_80_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_80_20","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma occurs in early life, and approximately 79% are diagnosed before the age of 15 years. Approximately 85% of cases were found in the face, while the calvarium and extracranial sites accounted for 12% and 3%, respectively. We present three females with psammomatous juvenile aggressive juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) of the maxilla diagnosed in our institution. While two of them were children of 11 and 12 years, the third was a 30-year-old. The histological type of JOF in all the three cases was the psammomatous type. They all had surgery with one of them having a radical maxillectomy.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"28 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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