Human disease biomarkers: challenges, advances, and trends in their validation

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Journal of Integrated OMICS Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI:10.5584/jiomics.v11i2.207

J. D. de Jesus, M. Arruda

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Biomarkers are important tools in the medical field, once they allow better prediction, characterization, and treatment of diseases. In this scenario, it is essential that biomarkers are highly accurate. Thus, biomarker validation is an essential part of ensuring the effectiveness of a biomarker. Validation of biomarkers is the process by which biomarkers are evaluated for accuracy and consistency, as well as their ability to inform the condition of health or disease. Although, there is no unique measure that can be used to determine the validity for all biomarkers, there are general criteria that all biomarkers must meet to be useful. In this work, we review the definition of biomarkers and discuss the validity components. We then critically discuss the main methods used to validate biomarkers and consider some examples of biomarkers of the diseases which most killer in the world (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and viral infections), highlighting the potential biochemical pathways of these biomarkers in the biological system. In addition, we also comment on the omic strategies used in the biomarker discovery process and conclude with information about perspectives in biomarker validation through imaging techniques.

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人类疾病生物标志物:挑战、进展和验证的趋势

生物标志物是医学领域的重要工具，因为它们可以更好地预测、表征和治疗疾病。在这种情况下，生物标记物必须高度准确。因此，生物标志物验证是确保生物标志物有效性的重要组成部分。生物标记物的验证是评估生物标记物的准确性和一致性以及它们告知健康或疾病状况的能力的过程。虽然没有唯一的方法可以用来确定所有生物标记物的有效性，但所有生物标记物必须满足通用标准才能有用。在这项工作中，我们回顾了生物标志物的定义，并讨论了有效性成分。然后，我们批判性地讨论了用于验证生物标志物的主要方法，并考虑了世界上最致命的疾病(心血管疾病、癌症和病毒感染)的生物标志物的一些例子，强调了这些生物标志物在生物系统中的潜在生化途径。此外，我们还评论了生物标志物发现过程中使用的组学策略，并总结了通过成像技术验证生物标志物的观点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Integrated OMICS Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： JIOMICS provides a forum for the publication of original research papers, letters to the editor, short communications, and critical reviews in all branches of pure and applied –omics subjects, such as proteomics, metabolomics, metallomics and genomics. Especial interest is given to papers where more than one –omics subject is covered. Papers are evaluated based on scientific novelty and demonstrated scientific applicability. Original research papers on fundamental studies, and novel sensor and instrumentation development, are especially encouraged. Novel or improved findings in areas such as clinical, medicinal, biological, environmental and materials –omics are welcome.