Assessment of sustained attention in high-performance and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with a vigilance task

IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Anales De Psicologia Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI:10.6018/analesps.477731
M. Servera, B. Sáez, Tania Iglesias Rodríguez
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Abstract

The main objective of this study was to compare children selected in a community setting with ADHD, high-performance, and normo-typical development on a sustained attention task. Three groups of children were selected: ADHD (n = 42), high-performance (n = 20), and normo- typical development (n = 28). A brief computerized vigilance task (CSAT-R) was applied to compare attentional capacity and reaction time. The participants were divided into those with “attentional dysfunction” and those with “normal attention” to analyze clinical validity. Children with high-performance were clearly differentiated from the other two groups, with large effect sizes. The differences between normo-typical and ADHD groups were only significant in the errors and in a nonparametric index of attentional capacity, but with small effect sizes. The CSAT-R showed good specificity and an acceptable positive predictive value, but low levels of sensitivity, and a poor negative predictive value. Therefore, sustained attention could be a prominent mechanism in children with high capacities. The CSAT-R (and probably most of attentional tasks) would be moderately useful in community settings for ADHD diagnosis, but not to rule it out. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar a niños seleccionados en un contexto comunitario con TDAH, alto rendimiento, y desarrollo normotípico, en una tarea de atención sostenida. Se seleccionaron tres grupos de niños: TDAH (n = 42), alto rendimiento (n = 20) y desarrollo normotípico (n = 28). Se aplicó una tarea breve de vigilancia computarizada (CSAT-R) para comparar la capacidad de atención y el tiempo de reacción. Para analizar la validez clínica, los participantes se dividieron en aquellos con "disfunción atencional" y aquellos con "atención normal”. Los niños con alto rendimiento se diferenciaron claramente de los otros dos grupos, con tamaños del efecto grandes. Las diferencias entre los grupos normotípico y TDAH solo fueron significativas en los errores y en un índice no paramétrico de capacidad de atención, pero con tamaños del efecto pequeños. La CSAT-R mostró una buena especificidad y un valor predictivo positivo aceptable, pero niveles bajos de sensibilidad y un pobre valor predictivo negativo. Por tanto, la atención sostenida podría ser un mecanismo destacado en niños con altas capacidades. La CSAT-R (y probablemente la mayoría de las tareas de atención) sería moderadamente útil en entornos comunitarios para el diagnóstico del TDAH, pero no para descartarlo.
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具有警戒任务的高性能和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)儿童持续注意力的评估
这项研究的主要目的是将在社区环境中选择的儿童与ADHD、高表现和正常发育儿童进行持续护理任务的比较。选择了三组儿童:ADHD(n=42)、高表现(n=20)和正常典型发育(n=28)。使用一个简短的计算机化警戒任务(CSAT-R)来比较注意力容量和反应时间。参与者被分为“注意力障碍”和“正常注意力”的参与者,以分析临床有效性。高表现儿童与另外两组有明显区别,影响很大。正常-典型和ADHD组之间的差异仅在错误和注意力能力的非参数指数方面显著,但影响较小。CSAT-R显示出良好的特异性和可接受的正预测值,但敏感性较低,负预测值较差。因此,持续关注可能是高能力儿童的一个突出机制。CSAT-R(可能是大多数注意力任务)在社区环境中对ADHD诊断会有一定的帮助,但不能将其排除在外。这项研究的主要目的是在持续护理任务中比较在社区背景下选择的患有多动症、高表现和正常发育的儿童。选择了三组儿童:ADHD(n=42)、高表现(n=20)和正常发育(n=28)。采用短期计算机监测任务(CSAT-R)比较注意力能力和反应时间。为了分析临床有效性,参与者分为“注意力障碍”和“正常注意力”。高表现儿童与其他两组有明显差异,影响大小很大。正常和多动症组之间的差异仅在错误和注意力能力的非参数指数方面有显著意义,但影响大小较小。CSAT-R显示出良好的特异性和可接受的阳性预测值,但敏感性水平较低,阴性预测值较差。因此o、 持续护理可能是高能力儿童的一种突出机制。CSAT-R(可能是大多数护理任务)在社区环境中对多动症的诊断会有一定的帮助,但不能排除它。
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来源期刊
Anales De Psicologia
Anales De Psicologia 医学-心理学
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.90%
发文量
57
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Anales de Psicologia / Annals of Psychology is a multidisciplinary journal of the various thematic areas of scientific psychology. It publishes original research articles and theoretical review in any of its basic, applied and methodological areas included within psychology. Publishing, financing, marketing and distribution corresponds Editum: Editions of the University of Murcia (Spain). The organizational guidelines and editorial policies come from the Editorial Team (elected for four years by the Areas and / or Departments of Psychology at the University of Murcia) and the Editorial Board, composed of scholars and experts from different universities and institutions national and international. It is published in print (ISSN: 0212-9728) since 1984 and in Internet publishing (web) (ISSN: 1695-2294) since 2000. Available online full text in pdf from the vol. 1 1984. Anales de Psicologia / Annals of Psychology maintains a system of exchange with other journals and publications of psychology in the world. Through an free exchange agreement with their respective publishers or entities responsible for editing, these journals and publications are received at the University of Murcia (Biblioteca "Luis Vives", near the Faculty of Psychology) and in return, our journal is sent to libraries and educational and research institutions such centers responsible for editing.
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