Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Growth and Proliferation Enhancement Using Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA)/Fibrin Nanofiber Mats

Abstract

Introduction: A synthetic biomaterial, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with superior mechanical properties, along with a natural polymer such as fibrin, which facilitates cell attachment and enhances biocompatibility, can be used in the production of novel composite tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, we fabricated a PLGA/Fibrin scaffold which was evaluated to the enhancement of adipose-derived stem cells' growth and proliferation. Materials and Methods: 10% polymer solutions with different ratios of PLGA:Fibrin, including 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3, were prepared and used in the production of aligned and unaligned electrospun nanofiber scaffolds. Human adipose-derived stem cells (h-ADSCs) were cultured on the scaffolds and they were characterized using FTIR, EDX, SEM, mechanical, hydrophilic, degradation, water absorption, and biocompatibility tests. Results: The obtained scaffolds consisted of homogeneous fibers, without any beads and water droplets. The percentage of porosities and internal correlation of the cavities are not significantly different between aligned and unaligned electrospun scaffolds (P>0.05) and by adding fibrin, these properties are improved, while tensile strength and elasticity are decreased. All the scaffolds are hydrophobic and the highest and lowest swelling rates belong to PLGA/30%Fibrin scaffolds and pure PLGA scaffolds (more than 90% and less than 45%, respectively). There is a significant difference in degradation rates between fibrin-contained scaffolds and pure PLGA scaffolds. Moreover, compared with aligned electrospun scaffolds, a higher degradation rate of unaligned ones was observed. Conclusions: Considering the results of SEM and bio-compatibility experiments, the aligned electrospun PLGA/10%Fibrin scaffold with numerous spindle shape h-ADSCs and unaligned electrospun PLGA/20%Fibrin scaffold with lots of spindle shape cells together with sort of round shape cells are introduced as the optimal options.