Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.224939.1205
Sanaz Mohammadi, A. Hamidian, A. Asgari, N. Yousefi
Introduction: Bioremediation and biodegradation are considered as environmental friendly techniques for contaminants’ removal in polluted environment. In this study, the removal and kinetics of Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) microbial degradation, their inhibitory effects and the rate of dehalogenation capacity at high concentration of PCE were investigated.Materials and Methods: Dechlorinating culture was provided by Bioclear B.V. from a PCE-contaminated site (Evenblij in Hoogeveen -The Netherlands). The batch apparatuses were placed in an orbital shaker at 150 rpm at room temperature. In all the 18 batches, 6 different concentrations of PCE were measured from 0.1 mM to 0.6 mM. The degradation rate of PCE, Trichloroethene (TCE), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) were determined by the PHREEQC model.Results: The results revealed that the final product was ethene and the rate of dechlorinating of PCE increased gradually. The degradation process started after 3 days in batch modes (0.1 mM). After 10 days, the dechlorination of PCE to TCE was obtained in a low concentration of PCE (0.1 mM). Also, the TCE concentration became close to zero after 10 days. However, the start point was longer than PCE and the rate of biodegradation of TCE was faster than PCE. PCE did not show any progress in the dechlorinating procedure at 13th and 14th batch series and none of the daughter products were observed.Conclusions: It should be concluded that there was no single organism that could dechlorinate PCE to ethene, directly. Therefore, the best consortium of microorganisms to dechlorinate PCE to ethene faster, with less production of VC as the most hazardous compound, should be studied.
生物修复和生物降解技术被认为是污染环境中去除污染物的一种环保技术。研究了微生物对四氯乙烯(PCE)和三氯乙烯(TCE)的去除和降解动力学、对PCE的抑制效果和高浓度PCE下的脱卤能力。材料和方法:脱氯培养物由biclear B.V.公司提供，来源为pce污染场地(荷兰hoogevenblij)。在室温下，将批处理设备以150转/分的速度放置在轨道激振器中。在0.1 mM ~ 0.6 mM范围内对18批样品中6种不同浓度的PCE进行测定，采用PHREEQC模型测定PCE、三氯乙烯(TCE)和顺式1,2-二氯乙烯(cDCE)的降解率。结果:最终产物为乙烯，PCE的脱氯率逐渐提高。在批量模式(0.1 mM)下，降解过程在3天后开始。10 d后，在低浓度PCE (0.1 mM)下获得PCE对TCE的脱氯。10天后，TCE浓度接近于零。但起始点比PCE长，TCE的生物降解速度比PCE快，PCE在第13批和第14批的脱氯过程中没有任何进展，也没有观察到子产物。结论:没有单一的生物能直接将PCE脱氯为乙烯。因此，应该研究在减少VC(最危险的化合物)产生的情况下，将PCE更快地脱氯为乙烯的最佳微生物组合。
{"title":"Biodegradation of Tetrachloroethene in Batch Experiment and PHREEQC Model; Kinetic Study","authors":"Sanaz Mohammadi, A. Hamidian, A. Asgari, N. Yousefi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.224939.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.224939.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bioremediation and biodegradation are considered as environmental friendly techniques for contaminants’ removal in polluted environment. In this study, the removal and kinetics of Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) microbial degradation, their inhibitory effects and the rate of dehalogenation capacity at high concentration of PCE were investigated.Materials and Methods: Dechlorinating culture was provided by Bioclear B.V. from a PCE-contaminated site (Evenblij in Hoogeveen -The Netherlands). The batch apparatuses were placed in an orbital shaker at 150 rpm at room temperature. In all the 18 batches, 6 different concentrations of PCE were measured from 0.1 mM to 0.6 mM. The degradation rate of PCE, Trichloroethene (TCE), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) were determined by the PHREEQC model.Results: The results revealed that the final product was ethene and the rate of dechlorinating of PCE increased gradually. The degradation process started after 3 days in batch modes (0.1 mM). After 10 days, the dechlorination of PCE to TCE was obtained in a low concentration of PCE (0.1 mM). Also, the TCE concentration became close to zero after 10 days. However, the start point was longer than PCE and the rate of biodegradation of TCE was faster than PCE. PCE did not show any progress in the dechlorinating procedure at 13th and 14th batch series and none of the daughter products were observed.Conclusions: It should be concluded that there was no single organism that could dechlorinate PCE to ethene, directly. Therefore, the best consortium of microorganisms to dechlorinate PCE to ethene faster, with less production of VC as the most hazardous compound, should be studied.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42310758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2021.137518
A. Salimi, Mohsen Ghiasi, M. Korani, A. K. Zarchi
Stem cells are unique biological cells that can differentiate into specialized adipocytes. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells that break away from the blastocyst cell proliferation, and adult stem cells that are found in different tissues. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are one of the most important adult stem cells. Due to their high proliferative capacity and the proper self-renewal ability, they have provided a powerful and promising source to use in the field of repair plaque. Also, MSCs can differentiate into several cell types, such as: osteoblasts (adipocytes), chondrocytes (chondrocytes), adipocytes (adipocytes) and myocytes (muscle cells). Because of the importance of MSCs as a source of autologous transplantation in the field of regenerative medicine, in depth studies of involved cell and molecular signaling cycles are needed. These cycles are the reason in which these cells are able to differentiate into other cell types. Also, the molecular changes that occur during these cells differentiation are needed to be closely examined. The role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the process of differentiation of these cells is considered significant. The differentiation of MSCs into other cell lines is manipulated and stimulated by specific transcription factors associated with specific cell lines, thus, the important role of non-coding small mRNAs (miRNAs) is increased as a result. In the following study, the process of differentiation of MSCs into the chondrogenic lineage and the effect of several miRNAs on the regulation of the process of differentiation into adipose-derived stem cell cartilage have been scrutinized.
{"title":"Involved Molecular Mechanisms in Stem Cells Differentiation into Chondrocyte: A Review","authors":"A. Salimi, Mohsen Ghiasi, M. Korani, A. K. Zarchi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2021.137518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2021.137518","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells are unique biological cells that can differentiate into specialized adipocytes. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells that break away from the blastocyst cell proliferation, and adult stem cells that are found in different tissues. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are one of the most important adult stem cells. Due to their high proliferative capacity and the proper self-renewal ability, they have provided a powerful and promising source to use in the field of repair plaque. Also, MSCs can differentiate into several cell types, such as: osteoblasts (adipocytes), chondrocytes (chondrocytes), adipocytes (adipocytes) and myocytes (muscle cells). Because of the importance of MSCs as a source of autologous transplantation in the field of regenerative medicine, in depth studies of involved cell and molecular signaling cycles are needed. These cycles are the reason in which these cells are able to differentiate into other cell types. Also, the molecular changes that occur during these cells differentiation are needed to be closely examined. The role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the process of differentiation of these cells is considered significant. The differentiation of MSCs into other cell lines is manipulated and stimulated by specific transcription factors associated with specific cell lines, thus, the important role of non-coding small mRNAs (miRNAs) is increased as a result. In the following study, the process of differentiation of MSCs into the chondrogenic lineage and the effect of several miRNAs on the regulation of the process of differentiation into adipose-derived stem cell cartilage have been scrutinized.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44131898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.236075.1242
Habeeb Shaik Mohideen, Henry Louis
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a menace for humanity. Several antibiotics have become ineffective, and there is a need for a novel route or approach to finding solutions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have already generated a lot of noise for over four decades. However, insect-based AMPs offer not only novel sources but also provide effective measures, as the insects are known to be exposed to extreme environments. Plenty of insect-based AMPs have been identified from different orders of insect taxonomy. This review concentrates on the world of insect-based AMPs, their known targets and their applications in agriculture and medical fields. Transgenic induction of AMPs in different hosts has been successfully studied in plant systems. By identifying new AMPs, it will also help in the field of agriculture to increase the production rate of the crops by eliminating the disease-causing pathogens, microbes, and pests. In the present review, we have discussed recent knowledge, and several essential medical and agricultural importance of AMPs identified from insects.
{"title":"Insect Antimicrobial Peptides –Therapeutic and Agriculture Perspective","authors":"Habeeb Shaik Mohideen, Henry Louis","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.236075.1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.236075.1242","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a menace for humanity. Several antibiotics have become ineffective, and there is a need for a novel route or approach to finding solutions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have already generated a lot of noise for over four decades. However, insect-based AMPs offer not only novel sources but also provide effective measures, as the insects are known to be exposed to extreme environments. Plenty of insect-based AMPs have been identified from different orders of insect taxonomy. This review concentrates on the world of insect-based AMPs, their known targets and their applications in agriculture and medical fields. Transgenic induction of AMPs in different hosts has been successfully studied in plant systems. By identifying new AMPs, it will also help in the field of agriculture to increase the production rate of the crops by eliminating the disease-causing pathogens, microbes, and pests. In the present review, we have discussed recent knowledge, and several essential medical and agricultural importance of AMPs identified from insects.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.232307.1231
D. Mazaheri, M. Ahi
Introduction: The large amount of production and use of pomegranate in Iran has made the waste of this important product a suitable source for the production of bioethanol. This research examined the ability of Zymomonas mobilis for producing bioethanol from Pomegranate peel.Materials and Methods: The hydrothermal treatment method and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to release the fermentable sugars from PP particles. Cellulase loading of 30 U/g solid was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718 was used as the ethanol-producing strain. The Response Surface Methodology experimental design was performed to optimize the fermentation process conditions for maximum ethanol production and minimum fermentation time.Results: The amount of sugar released after hydrolysis was about 18.37% of the fresh PP weight. The amount of meat peptone and yeast extract (as nitrogen sources added to the medium), bacterial dry weight (as inoculum) and fermentation time were considered as the effective factors in the RSM experimental design. The maximum amount of 0.218 g ethanol was produced at 0.37 g meat peptone, 0.28 g yeast extract, 0.021 g bacterial dry weight and 30 h fermentation time (in 50 ml of culture medium). The maximum ethanol production yield of 45.5% (which is 89.2% of the theoretical yield) was achieved in this process.Conclusions: Z. mobilis has good ability for producing bioethanol from PP. However, more research should be conducted in order to industrialize the process.
{"title":"Evaluation and Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Pomegranate Peel by Zymomonas mobilis","authors":"D. Mazaheri, M. Ahi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.232307.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.232307.1231","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The large amount of production and use of pomegranate in Iran has made the waste of this important product a suitable source for the production of bioethanol. This research examined the ability of Zymomonas mobilis for producing bioethanol from Pomegranate peel.Materials and Methods: The hydrothermal treatment method and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to release the fermentable sugars from PP particles. Cellulase loading of 30 U/g solid was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718 was used as the ethanol-producing strain. The Response Surface Methodology experimental design was performed to optimize the fermentation process conditions for maximum ethanol production and minimum fermentation time.Results: The amount of sugar released after hydrolysis was about 18.37% of the fresh PP weight. The amount of meat peptone and yeast extract (as nitrogen sources added to the medium), bacterial dry weight (as inoculum) and fermentation time were considered as the effective factors in the RSM experimental design. The maximum amount of 0.218 g ethanol was produced at 0.37 g meat peptone, 0.28 g yeast extract, 0.021 g bacterial dry weight and 30 h fermentation time (in 50 ml of culture medium). The maximum ethanol production yield of 45.5% (which is 89.2% of the theoretical yield) was achieved in this process.Conclusions: Z. mobilis has good ability for producing bioethanol from PP. However, more research should be conducted in order to industrialize the process.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43288336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-26DOI: 10.30491/jabr.2021.275694.1360
Utkarsh Raj, S. Rai, S. Mathur, A. Saxena, A. Kaushik
Introduction: Coronaviruses are significant pathogens of both human and animals and are globally distributed. Out of seven CoVs strains, the most lethal coronavirus strains being portrayed is SARS-CoV-2. It can cause bronchial asthma, and severe pneumonia and acute respiratory disease. Due to its contagion in infants, adults, and immunocompromised patients which further results in making this a deadly disease, thus there is an urgent need to develop effective and safe therapeutics against it.Materials and Methods: Meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets belonging to SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E were carried out to identify the potential differentially expressed genes exclusively associated with SARS-CoV-2, and then a network model was developed to decipher significant drug targets, associated pathways and drug candidates which can be repurposed for this infection.Results: The COVID-19 infection mainly targets immune responses and regulatory processes. A novel role of Relaxin signaling pathway was identified in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, nutraceutical and anthelmintic agents were found to be good prospective candidates for repurposing against COVID-19.Conclusions: This theoretical study resulted in the identification of approved drug targets that may have the potential to be repurposed for COVID 19 treatment.
{"title":"A comprehensive study on SARS-CoV-2 Through Gene Expression Meta-Analysis and Network Biology Approach","authors":"Utkarsh Raj, S. Rai, S. Mathur, A. Saxena, A. Kaushik","doi":"10.30491/jabr.2021.275694.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/jabr.2021.275694.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronaviruses are significant pathogens of both human and animals and are globally distributed. Out of seven CoVs strains, the most lethal coronavirus strains being portrayed is SARS-CoV-2. It can cause bronchial asthma, and severe pneumonia and acute respiratory disease. Due to its contagion in infants, adults, and immunocompromised patients which further results in making this a deadly disease, thus there is an urgent need to develop effective and safe therapeutics against it.Materials and Methods: Meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets belonging to SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E were carried out to identify the potential differentially expressed genes exclusively associated with SARS-CoV-2, and then a network model was developed to decipher significant drug targets, associated pathways and drug candidates which can be repurposed for this infection.Results: The COVID-19 infection mainly targets immune responses and regulatory processes. A novel role of Relaxin signaling pathway was identified in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, nutraceutical and anthelmintic agents were found to be good prospective candidates for repurposing against COVID-19.Conclusions: This theoretical study resulted in the identification of approved drug targets that may have the potential to be repurposed for COVID 19 treatment.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.238560.1251
Mina Beigmohammadi, M. Seyyedi, S. Rostampour, Elmira Mohammadi, A. Sharafi
Introduction: The present study has introduced a simple and rapid tissue culture system aimed at in vitro regeneration of Artemisia diffusa and in vitro artemisinin production in its genetically transformed culture.Materials and Methods: An in vitro regeneration of A. diffusa was developed using different combinations of plant growth regulators including Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Benzyl Adenine (BA). Also, an efficient genetically transformed root induction system for A. diffusa was developed through Agrobacterium rhizogenes- mediated transformation using four bacterial strains, A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and MAFF-02-10266. The stem and leaf of one month old sterile plants of A. diffusa were used as explants. Molecular analysis of transformed root lines was confirmed by PCR using primers specific for the rolB gene.Results: The highest regeneration occurrence was obtained using MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L IAA (75%). Root induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. The results showed a significant increase in transformation frequency when the strain MSU440 was used (80.7%). Approximately 0.05 % artemisinin was detected by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis in root cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. diffusa in vitro organogenesis and transformation.Conclusions: This study describes an efficient protocol for hairy roots culture of A. diffusa which can be used for scaling up the plant active phytochemicals or for genetic manipulations of the plant.
{"title":"In vitro Regeneration and Genetically Transformed Culture of Artemisia diffusa","authors":"Mina Beigmohammadi, M. Seyyedi, S. Rostampour, Elmira Mohammadi, A. Sharafi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.238560.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.238560.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study has introduced a simple and rapid tissue culture system aimed at in vitro regeneration of Artemisia diffusa and in vitro artemisinin production in its genetically transformed culture.Materials and Methods: An in vitro regeneration of A. diffusa was developed using different combinations of plant growth regulators including Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Benzyl Adenine (BA). Also, an efficient genetically transformed root induction system for A. diffusa was developed through Agrobacterium rhizogenes- mediated transformation using four bacterial strains, A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and MAFF-02-10266. The stem and leaf of one month old sterile plants of A. diffusa were used as explants. Molecular analysis of transformed root lines was confirmed by PCR using primers specific for the rolB gene.Results: The highest regeneration occurrence was obtained using MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L IAA (75%). Root induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. The results showed a significant increase in transformation frequency when the strain MSU440 was used (80.7%). Approximately 0.05 % artemisinin was detected by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis in root cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. diffusa in vitro organogenesis and transformation.Conclusions: This study describes an efficient protocol for hairy roots culture of A. diffusa which can be used for scaling up the plant active phytochemicals or for genetic manipulations of the plant.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48500496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.225449.1206
D. Arabian, P. Amiri
Introduction: All sulfur organic odorants used in the Iranian gas industry enter the country in 200-liter barrels. There are ways to clean up the empty barrels contaminated with these materials. In the Gas Company, the currently used method is chemical oxidation (using sodium hypochlorite and caustic). In this study, the biological desulfurization and degradation method of mercaptan was studied.Materials and Methods: Desulfurizing bacteria in the university microbial collection, together with bacteria isolated from gas odorant barrels, were examined, among which one of the species had the highest and fastest decomposition rate. This bacterium belongs to the Bacillus cereus family. The most important factors affecting biological desulfurization including initial bacterial concentration, the concentration of odorant, and the Oil Fraction Phase (OFP) were optimized.Results: These three factors were studied using an experimental design. Initial bacterial concentrations were evaluated at five levels from 10 to 50 ml with an optimum concentration of 30 ml. The OFP was also evaluated at five levels from 10 to 90%, with 50% being optimized. Concentrations of odorant were also evaluated from 2500 to12500 ppm, with an optimum concentration of 7500 ppm.Conclusions: Operational testing was carried out in one of the barrels in the optimized conditions for 48 h. The results showed 79.8% efficiency in removing odorant.
{"title":"Biodeodorization of Barrels Containing Natural Gas Odorants by Bacillus cereus","authors":"D. Arabian, P. Amiri","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.225449.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.225449.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: All sulfur organic odorants used in the Iranian gas industry enter the country in 200-liter barrels. There are ways to clean up the empty barrels contaminated with these materials. In the Gas Company, the currently used method is chemical oxidation (using sodium hypochlorite and caustic). In this study, the biological desulfurization and degradation method of mercaptan was studied.Materials and Methods: Desulfurizing bacteria in the university microbial collection, together with bacteria isolated from gas odorant barrels, were examined, among which one of the species had the highest and fastest decomposition rate. This bacterium belongs to the Bacillus cereus family. The most important factors affecting biological desulfurization including initial bacterial concentration, the concentration of odorant, and the Oil Fraction Phase (OFP) were optimized.Results: These three factors were studied using an experimental design. Initial bacterial concentrations were evaluated at five levels from 10 to 50 ml with an optimum concentration of 30 ml. The OFP was also evaluated at five levels from 10 to 90%, with 50% being optimized. Concentrations of odorant were also evaluated from 2500 to12500 ppm, with an optimum concentration of 7500 ppm.Conclusions: Operational testing was carried out in one of the barrels in the optimized conditions for 48 h. The results showed 79.8% efficiency in removing odorant.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44402338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2021.272132.1355
Youmna E. El Saied, M. Mostafa, M. Refaat, Fardous F. El Senduny, Fahd M. Alsharif, O. El-khawaga
IntroductionMethomyl (MET) is a monomethyl carbamate insecticide that is widely used around the world. MET is highly toxic to humans via oral exposure and mainly affects the liver tissue. It actually induces toxicity through overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress with subsequent destruction of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Materials and MethodsVarious plant extracts have been primarily screened for their antioxidant activities by measuring the free radical scavenging ability. Later, the plant extract with the highest antioxidant efficacy has been further formulated into a nanosuspension and the antioxidative effect has also been investigated against MET. Additionally, liver, kidney, and heart function biomarkers, liver tissue oxidative stress parameters, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Moreover, RT-PCR was applied to measure the Nrf2 expression.ResultsThe antioxidant screening data showed that balanites extract (BLT, Balanites aegyptiaca) had the most potent antioxidant activity. Besides, BLT showed dose-dependent improvement in liver, heart, and kidney functions in experimental mice treated with MET. The antioxidant biomarkers in liver tissue and total antioxidant capacity were elevated as compared to the MET-treated group. Furthermore, BLT significantly ameliorated MET-induced toxicity via the induction of Nrf2 and MET hepatic clearance. This study suggests the potential use of BLT extract as a natural antioxidant for the safe management of MET-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.ConclusionsBased on the presented data in this study, it can be concluded that BLT or BLT-NS can be used as a safe drug for methomyl toxicity.
{"title":"The Hepatoprotective Role of Balanites aegyptiaca Extract and its Nano-Formulation Against Methomyl-Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice via Overexpression of Nrf2","authors":"Youmna E. El Saied, M. Mostafa, M. Refaat, Fardous F. El Senduny, Fahd M. Alsharif, O. El-khawaga","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2021.272132.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2021.272132.1355","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionMethomyl (MET) is a monomethyl carbamate insecticide that is widely used around the world. MET is highly toxic to humans via oral exposure and mainly affects the liver tissue. It actually induces toxicity through overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress with subsequent destruction of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Materials and MethodsVarious plant extracts have been primarily screened for their antioxidant activities by measuring the free radical scavenging ability. Later, the plant extract with the highest antioxidant efficacy has been further formulated into a nanosuspension and the antioxidative effect has also been investigated against MET. Additionally, liver, kidney, and heart function biomarkers, liver tissue oxidative stress parameters, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Moreover, RT-PCR was applied to measure the Nrf2 expression.ResultsThe antioxidant screening data showed that balanites extract (BLT, Balanites aegyptiaca) had the most potent antioxidant activity. Besides, BLT showed dose-dependent improvement in liver, heart, and kidney functions in experimental mice treated with MET. The antioxidant biomarkers in liver tissue and total antioxidant capacity were elevated as compared to the MET-treated group. Furthermore, BLT significantly ameliorated MET-induced toxicity via the induction of Nrf2 and MET hepatic clearance. This study suggests the potential use of BLT extract as a natural antioxidant for the safe management of MET-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.ConclusionsBased on the presented data in this study, it can be concluded that BLT or BLT-NS can be used as a safe drug for methomyl toxicity.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.245335.1278
Nupur Ojha, Pooja Aich, N. Das
Introduction: The present study was focused on the statistical optimization of growth parameters for enhancing the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) using ureolytic yeast strain.Materials and Methods: Thirteen yeast strains were tested for the synthesis of urease enzyme by phenol-hypochlorite assay and were further evaluated for calcite precipitation test. The growth parameters were optimized using the best ureolytic strain by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and the extracted MICP was characterized through instrumental analysis.Results: Among thirteen yeast strains, Candida tropicalis NN4, Spathospora sp. NN04, Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01 and Candida dubliniensis NN03 showed positive results for the synthesis of urease enzyme. Spathospora sp. was found to be the most potent strain for MICP. A significant enhancement in MICP by Spathospora sp. was observed under optimized conditions viz. A-urea concentration (80.0 g/L), B-calcium chloride (45.0 g/L), C-pH (9.0) and D-inoculum dosage (8%, v/v). The actual value (34.4±0.12 g/L) was in agreement with predicted value (34.7±0.01 g/L) with the R2 value (0.9900), confirming the validity of the model. The FTIR of MICP confirmed the fundamental bands of CO3 stretching and bending vibrations, observed at 1394.23 and 874.85 cm-1. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of biomotar revealed aggregated polymorphs of MICP interconnected with yeast mycelium and spores. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of calcite in the biomotar. A remarkable improvement in the compressive strength (28 to 44 MPa) and morphological changes were observed in biocement mortar as compared to cement mortar.Conclusions: This result is the first report on the implementation of ureolytic Spathospora towards the application of biocementation through MICP using BBD.
{"title":"Process Optimization of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation by Ureolytic Yeast Spathospora sp. NN04 using Box-Behnken Design: A Novel Approach towards Biocementation","authors":"Nupur Ojha, Pooja Aich, N. Das","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.245335.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.245335.1278","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study was focused on the statistical optimization of growth parameters for enhancing the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) using ureolytic yeast strain.Materials and Methods: Thirteen yeast strains were tested for the synthesis of urease enzyme by phenol-hypochlorite assay and were further evaluated for calcite precipitation test. The growth parameters were optimized using the best ureolytic strain by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and the extracted MICP was characterized through instrumental analysis.Results: Among thirteen yeast strains, Candida tropicalis NN4, Spathospora sp. NN04, Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01 and Candida dubliniensis NN03 showed positive results for the synthesis of urease enzyme. Spathospora sp. was found to be the most potent strain for MICP. A significant enhancement in MICP by Spathospora sp. was observed under optimized conditions viz. A-urea concentration (80.0 g/L), B-calcium chloride (45.0 g/L), C-pH (9.0) and D-inoculum dosage (8%, v/v). The actual value (34.4±0.12 g/L) was in agreement with predicted value (34.7±0.01 g/L) with the R2 value (0.9900), confirming the validity of the model. The FTIR of MICP confirmed the fundamental bands of CO3 stretching and bending vibrations, observed at 1394.23 and 874.85 cm-1. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of biomotar revealed aggregated polymorphs of MICP interconnected with yeast mycelium and spores. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of calcite in the biomotar. A remarkable improvement in the compressive strength (28 to 44 MPa) and morphological changes were observed in biocement mortar as compared to cement mortar.Conclusions: This result is the first report on the implementation of ureolytic Spathospora towards the application of biocementation through MICP using BBD.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"303-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.228609.1215
H. Barzegar, M. Nassiri, K. Nasiri, S. Mousavi
Introduction: Endo-β-1,4-glucanase is the first enzyme in the conversion of cellulose to fermentable sugars. The objectives of this study were to clone and characterize a thermostable Endo-β-1,4-glucanase enzyme of Bacillus subtilis DR-8806 obtained from water samples from Dig Rostam, a hot mineral spring in Kerman, Iran. Materials and Methods: Endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene from a thermostable Bacillus subtilis bacterium was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins of the expression cell were tested by western blotting analysis. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant endoglucanase was measured using dinitrosalicylic acid method and carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate. Bioinformatics analysis was done to characterize domain organization and protein family through Pfam search server and PROSITE. Results: Based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis, Bacillus is characterized and named as Bacillus subtilis DR-8806. Western blot analysis verified the recombinant endoglucanase by detecting a specific band of ~55kDa. Amino acid homology analysis of the protein showed 99% homology with that of endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis. The optimum temperature for enzyme reaction was attained at a temperature of 55°C. The cellulolytic activity of Endo-β-1,4-glucanase protein determined 8.5 IU ml-1. It showed that endoglucanase amino acid sequence contains a glycosyl hydrolase family 5, linker domain, and a cellulose-binding type 3 domain. The GH5 domain also contained a glycosyl hydrolase catalytic core. Conclusions: It is possible to consider the purified Endo-β-1,4-glucanase of B. Subtilis DR-8806 as an efficient cellulose producer. Further research is required to examine the industrial applications of this study.
介绍:远藤-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶是纤维素转化为可发酵糖的第一个酶。本研究的目的是克隆和鉴定从伊朗Kerman的Dig Rostam热矿泉水样中获得的枯草芽孢杆菌DR-8806的耐热性Endo-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶。材料与方法:从耐热的枯草芽孢杆菌中克隆出Endo-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因，并在大肠杆菌中表达。western blotting检测表达细胞的重组蛋白。以二硝基水杨酸法和羧甲基纤维素为底物测定重组内切葡聚糖酶的酶活性。通过Pfam搜索服务器和PROSITE对结构域组织和蛋白家族进行生物信息学分析。结果:通过16S核糖体RNA序列分析，鉴定出Bacillus subtilis DR-8806。Western blot检测到~55kDa的特异条带，验证了重组内切葡聚糖酶。氨基酸同源性分析表明，该蛋白与枯草芽孢杆菌的内切葡聚糖酶具有99%的同源性。酶反应的最适温度为55℃。Endo-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶蛋白的纤维素水解活性测定为8.5 IU ml-1。结果表明，内切葡聚糖酶氨基酸序列包含一个糖基水解酶家族5、连接体结构域和一个纤维素结合型结构域。GH5结构域还含有一个糖基水解酶催化核。结论:纯化的枯草芽孢杆菌DR-8806 Endo-β-1,4葡聚糖酶可作为一种高效的纤维素生成酶。需要进一步的研究来检验本研究的工业应用。
{"title":"Recombinant Expression and Characterization of Endoglucanase Isolated from Iranian Bacillus Subtilis","authors":"H. Barzegar, M. Nassiri, K. Nasiri, S. Mousavi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.228609.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.228609.1215","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endo-β-1,4-glucanase is the first enzyme in the conversion of cellulose to fermentable sugars. The objectives of this study were to clone and characterize a thermostable Endo-β-1,4-glucanase enzyme of Bacillus subtilis DR-8806 obtained from water samples from Dig Rostam, a hot mineral spring in Kerman, Iran. Materials and Methods: Endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene from a thermostable Bacillus subtilis bacterium was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins of the expression cell were tested by western blotting analysis. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant endoglucanase was measured using dinitrosalicylic acid method and carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate. Bioinformatics analysis was done to characterize domain organization and protein family through Pfam search server and PROSITE. Results: Based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis, Bacillus is characterized and named as Bacillus subtilis DR-8806. Western blot analysis verified the recombinant endoglucanase by detecting a specific band of ~55kDa. Amino acid homology analysis of the protein showed 99% homology with that of endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis. The optimum temperature for enzyme reaction was attained at a temperature of 55°C. The cellulolytic activity of Endo-β-1,4-glucanase protein determined 8.5 IU ml-1. It showed that endoglucanase amino acid sequence contains a glycosyl hydrolase family 5, linker domain, and a cellulose-binding type 3 domain. The GH5 domain also contained a glycosyl hydrolase catalytic core. Conclusions: It is possible to consider the purified Endo-β-1,4-glucanase of B. Subtilis DR-8806 as an efficient cellulose producer. Further research is required to examine the industrial applications of this study.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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