A Quantitative Method for Estimation of Quality of Screens Color

O. Kupko
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Abstract

The history of the issue on creation of uniform color spaces is analyzed. It is noted that the calculations based on the results of spectral measurements do not adequately correspond to the human visual perception. For all existing color spaces, it has been proposed to create a uniform metric, a me­thod for determining the length, area and volume in the corresponding spaces, one that corresponds to the human visual perception. The metric is based on MacAdam ellipses, that is, on the threshold perception of the difference in colors. For each point of any color space (two or three measurements) is determined the area of space around each point, within which a person is not able to fix the difference in color. The area is characterized by either an ellipse (two-dimensional case) or an ellipsoid (three-dimensional case). To characterize an ellipse, it is necessary to have three parameters — two axes and the angle of slope. To characterize an ellipsoid, it is necessary to have five parameters — three axes and two angle of slope. The number of sections along a line, along a plane, or in a volume is a measure of length, a plane, or in a volume and sets a metric. The connection of the existing systems for determining color and visual perception of a person is carried out using scales. Scales associate the length, area or volume of any color system with a person’s visual perception. The scale depends on the point of space and the direction in which the movement takes place. As a result, a large number of scales (more than the number of colors, because it is necessary to know the angles of inclination of the ellipses) are needed, which must be agreed by the international community. To use this amount of data and for the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to have an agreed international calculation procedure. It is established, that as a result of the development of computing technology, a large amount of data and a large amount of computation are not a significant obstacle. The obstacle is an insufficient amount of consistent data, that is, it is necessary to perform additional measurements and approvals to determine the areas of space around each point of the color space within which a person is not able to fix the difference in color. A schematic diagram of the measurements and the equipment with the help of which it is possible to carry out the corresponding measurements are proposed. Estimates of the greatest labour intensity of such works are carried out. It is determined what is the most important part of these works is possible to carry out within a few years. For two-dimensional spaces (x, y and u, v), using the results of the classical work of McAdam, we determined the scales for connecting the lengths and areas in these spaces with the visual perception of the human eye. The directions in which the scales are largest or smallest are determined. For these two directions there are given scales that relate the distances and areas of the spaces (x,y and u,v) with the human visual perception. It is noted, that the work on creating the metrics has a clear phased structure, some parts of the work, i.e.: the development of software and programming, the development of stabilized radiation sources, the development of comparing tools and experimental research can be carried out independently. Conclusions and suggestions are made.
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一种评价屏幕色彩质量的定量方法
分析了均匀色彩空间创建问题的历史。值得注意的是,基于光谱测量结果的计算并不充分对应于人类视觉感知。对于所有现有的颜色空间,有人提出创建一个统一的度量,一种确定相应空间中的长度、面积和体积的方法,一种与人类视觉感知相对应的方法。该度量基于MacAdam椭圆,即基于对颜色差异的阈值感知。对于任何颜色空间的每个点(两次或三次测量),确定每个点周围的空间区域,在该区域内,一个人无法固定颜色差异。该区域以椭圆(二维情况)或椭球(三维情况)为特征。要表征椭圆,必须有三个参数——两个轴和倾斜角度。要表征椭球体,必须有五个参数——三个轴和两个倾角。沿直线、沿平面或在体积中的截面数是长度、平面或体积的度量,并设置度量。用于确定人的颜色和视觉感知的现有系统的连接是使用量表进行的。刻度将任何颜色系统的长度、面积或体积与人的视觉感知联系起来。比例取决于空间的点和运动发生的方向。因此,需要大量的刻度(比颜色的数量还多,因为有必要知道椭圆的倾斜角度),这必须得到国际社会的同意。为了使用这一数量的数据并进行相应的计算,有必要制定一个商定的国际计算程序。已经确定,由于计算技术的发展,大量的数据和大量的计算并不是一个显著的障碍。障碍是缺乏足够的一致性数据,也就是说,有必要进行额外的测量和批准,以确定颜色空间中每个点周围的空间区域,在这些区域内,人们无法修复颜色差异。提出了测量和设备的示意图,借助该示意图可以进行相应的测量。对此类工程的最大劳动强度进行了估算。已经确定了这些工作中最重要的部分是什么,可以在几年内完成。对于二维空间(x,y和u,v),利用McAdam经典工作的结果,我们确定了连接这些空间中的长度和面积与人眼视觉感知的尺度。确定刻度最大或最小的方向。对于这两个方向,给出了将空间(x,y和u,v)的距离和面积与人类视觉感知联系起来的尺度。值得注意的是,创建指标的工作有一个明确的分阶段结构,工作的某些部分,即:软件和编程的开发、稳定辐射源的开发、比较工具的开发和实验研究可以独立进行。提出了结论和建议。
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